How does topography affect population distribution? Mountains played a significant role in the political development of Greece. 41771130. As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. Research on the Evolution Characteristics and Synergistic Relationship between HSR Network and Economic Network in Hubei Province. Chang (2008) found that slopes act as a sink for suspended solid, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) parameters [16]. Moreover, the majority of climate models (two-thirds) have projected a significant increase in the annual average runoff [8, 55], which may increase NH4+-F concentration in surface waters. latitude,temperature,precipitation,topography,and elevation. Motions of the Earth: Under the green goals of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, understanding how to develop the economy with high quality is an important issue facing regional development. Population density has a positive coefficient for P (P, NO3-F), which may be due to lawn fertilization in urban areas, which drains NO3-F to enrich surface waters [59, 79]. Figure 2. It measures average life expectancy, level of education and income for each country in the world. Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. In order to detect the impact of topography on social factors, we selected the Other city-states that were not on the Export citation and abstract It is important to investigate the potential impacts of socio-economic variables on the strength and direction of water quality response to climate factors. The total heat content of a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is cooler at higher elevations. For more information, please refer to Primary concentrations of human The development of advanced shipbuilding techniques enabled the Greeks to travel. This study was carried out on major watersheds of the World. ; formal analysis, X.X. Though a majority of the population is engaged in agriculture and rarely shift The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. Land 2023, 12, 274. 2017 The Author(s). Sparta, on the other hand, was a monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs. Geological records show that there have been a number of large variations in the Earth's climate. from Rutgers University-New Brunswick/Piscataway M.A. Based on the model, when topography over the selected region (KTU) is reduced to 25%, the mean rainfall (temperature) over east Africa is reduced (increased) by about 19% The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. Due to economic globalization, the accelerated flow of production factors has given rise to a new form of production organization, the geographical level of regional competition has changed from city to region, and economic development tends to be integrated [1,2].As essential support for the unimpeded and revitalized Silk Road Economic Belt, the Hexi Corridor city v. t. e. Economic geography is the subfield of human geography which studies economic activity and factors affecting them. They cover physical parameters, and O, C, N, and P-parameters, which are representative and significant from a global perspective. These two variables did not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which is its main limitation. By contrast, the impact of topographical features on the response of typical water quality parameters to climate factors has not been investigated. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. Topography (the arrangement of natural and human-made physical features of an area) is one feature which affects human population growth. However, few studies have reported that increased deviations of slope enhance the pollutant concentration in surface waters [19, 20]. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate. ; Yang, Y.-C.; Pan, J.-G. Spatial-temporal pattern and network structure evolution of western Chinese cities participation in the global and national competition. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. You are accessing a machine-readable page. The Feature Paper can be either an original research article, a substantial novel research study that often involves Watersheds were selected based on long-term water quality records. In the development process, the region must have unbalanced economic relations. Xie, X.; Shi, P. Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow. ; Dang, X.-W. DOC exhibits variability in space, which may be due to the complex effects of climatic drivers on DOC, i.e. 4. 4. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Increasing P (P, temperature) with sub-watershed area is a direct consequence of atmospheric energy input [38]. Just like other abiotic elements of environmental factors such as soil and topography, they influence how crops grow and develop. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. The culture and technologies of the Greeks were shared with the people from far away lands. The impact of fertilizer application and socio-economic features on surface water quality vary by watershed. Influence of Geography on Society and Culture Article shared by : ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the four main factors of geography that have influence on society and culture. Although many factors combine to influence weather, the four main ones are solar radiation, the amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from the sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and the abundance of water. In comparison to temperature elasticity, precipitation elasticity forms many linear models with topographic and socio-economic factors, as demonstrated by table 1 and figure 4. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Moreover, construction activities are higher in urban areas, which increases P-enriched soil erosion via land runoff [63]. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Motions of the Earth 2. When topography comes into play, weather scenarios deviate from that rule. Streamflow sensitivity to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which sweeps fertilizers to waterbodies in the vicinity. Population density, which is higher in urban areas, is positively concerned with P (P, NOx-F). where \overline T, \overline P and W\overline Q are the air temperature, precipitation and water quality at any given time, respectively. Lett. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. 12 main water quality parameters are used in the current study, which are given in table S2. Previous studies, which used statistical approaches or process-based approaches, have discussed the river water quality relationship with, or response to, air temperature and precipitations. paper provides an outlook on future directions of research or possible applications. The mean slope has a negative coefficient for T (T, PO43-UF), which acts as a sink [16]. The specific calculation formula is as follows [. Before we look into the economic, political and social developments, it is important to understand Ancient Greek geography. Economic Network and Economic growth of Urban Agglomeration: A Study based on Big data and network analysis method. Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Firstly, we introduce an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)) to characterize the response of typical water quality parameters to air temperature and precipitations (or their relationships). The response of PO43-F and PO43-UF to temperature is inelastic and relatively elastic, and site specific [28]. The many mountain ranges made it easy for each city to develop into what are called city-states (Greek: polis, plural poleis) because cities could not easily join together in larger political units. Tian, M.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y. Factors influencing global development Levels of development are determined by several factors: Physical factors some areas have a hostile or difficult landscape. Does facebook notify when you edit a comment? Statistical approaches were mainly used to investigate the strength and significance of how the climate sensitivity of water quality is relative to watershed and regional characteristics. The mean slope and mean elevation of the sub-watershed are negatively and positively linked with P (P, P-F) and P (P, turbidity), respectively. Some studies have confirmed that temperature is the most important controlling agent for other factors such as precipitation, catchment size on soil erosion and subsequently sediment flux [72, 74]. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. The mountains also worked as barriers to separate different areas. Digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA (dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/). the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. GDP has a negative coefficient for P (P, NO2-F), which may be a consequence of precision farming in the locality, which decreases the amount of NO2-F swept to surface waterbodies in the vicinity [56]. More specifically speaking, topography aids in changing precipitation and temperature. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. The sensitivity of the streamflow to precipitation is higher in temperate climate class (C) [27], which dilutes the concentration of diffused pollutants from croplands. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. The topography also helps in the generation of the high frequency mesoscale and subsynoptic disturbances over the region. These disturbances produce precipitation over the region and may also enhance precipitation systems over remote areas due to propagation of the disturbances. Ridges and mountains are barriers to the horizontal movement of air. Feature Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. Citation Afed U Khan et al 2017 Environ. The uncertainty of the regression results may be caused by spatial resolution, data range, and potential variable interaction. Klages-Mundt, A.; Minca, A. Optimal intervention in economic networks using influence maximization methods. Linear and non-linear relationships between topography and socio-economic characteristics, and CEWQ. Water heats and cools more slowly than landmasses. The elevated level of NH4+-F concentration in surface waters may be a consequence of irrigation tailwater discharges [56, 57] due to favorable cultivation conditions in tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climate classes. The most important geographical and topographical features of Greece were its mountainous terrain and its placement as a peninsula in the Mediterranean. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. Its no coincidence that the poorest countries are in the As the pressure decreases, the air molecules expands and the temperature decreases. In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. Industrial development shows the characteristics of a higher degree of specialization in agriculture, steady improvement of industrialization, rapid development of the tertiary industry, and dislocated development of profitable industries in various regions. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. How does topography impact land value? Transportation, warehousing, and postal services; 7. wholesale and retail trade; 8. finance industry; 9. real estate industry; 10. education; 11. health, social insurance, and social welfare; 12. culture, sports, and entertainment; 13. scientific research, technical services, and geological survey; 14. accommodation and catering industry; 15. information transmission, computer, service, and software industries; 16. leasing and commercial services; 17. water, environmental, and public utility management; 18. residential services, repairs, and other services, The proportion of the value added by the secondary industry in GDP, The proportion of the value added by the tertiary industry in GDP, Per capita savings balance at the end of the year, Transportation, warehousing, and postal industry added value, Science, education, culture and health services, Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, Health, social insurance, and social welfare, Electricity, gas, and water production and supply industries, Scientific research, technical services, and geological surveys, Transportation, warehousing, and postal services, Information transmission, computers, services, and software, Water conservancy, environment, and public facilities management, Resident services, repairs, and other services. The literature illustrates that temperature has an exponential effect on sediment load (soil erosion) [72, 73]. The vulnerability of karst and caves mechanisms, impacts on Karst and caves are extremely fragile environments and they are affected by specific hazards and impacts, largely related to their Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they adapt to the available food and climate patterns. Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Blasi, S.; Ganzaroli, A.; De Noni, I. Smartening sustainable development in cities: Strengthening the theoretical linkage between smart cities and SDGs. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12020274, Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals, You can make submissions to other journals. The factors are: 1. Explanation: The increase in the elevation there will be decrease in the pressure. Epirus is isolated by mountains. 2. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. and X.X. A general rule of thumb in understanding weather is warm air rises and cold air sinks. ; methodology, X.X. Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. Measurement of the network connectivity of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration from the perspective of urban flow. ; Kung, H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. In California, winds off the Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast. Moist air will cool as it rises, and then the clouds release the water, causing precipitation like rain or snow. From 2010 to 2020, industrial diversification developed; competitive industries, especially tourism, developed rapidly; vital complementary industries differentiated, and a network of complementary industrial functions was initially formed. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. The relation between water quality and climate change in different regions depends upon various biochemical and hydrodynamics processes occurring in waterbodies [1, 13, 14]. Feature Papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. The temperature characteristics of a region are influenced by natural factors such as latitude, elevation, and the presence of ocean currents. Climatic factors such as light, water, and rainfall, temperature, air, relative humidity and wind also affect farming in various ways. Culture. It is of great significance to strengthen the urban connection in the Hexi Corridor and give full play to the overall competitive advantage. Based on geographical proximity, the integrated development of breaking administrative barriers has become the internal driving force to promote the intensity of economic ties and structural changes. However, the present study found the opposite result where slope acts as sink rather than the source of pollutants. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. Liu, H.-Y. Betweenness centrality (BC) measures the medium function of node connections. Some nonlinear relations are reported in table 1 with their corresponding R2 and P-values which include: P (P, NOx-F) with mean slope (R2=0.624, P=0.001), P (P, PO43-F) with P-manure with (R2=0.624, P=0.001), T (T, NO2-F) with N-manure (R2=0.563, P=0.001), T (T, P-F) with P-fertilizer (R2=0.695, P=0.010) and T (T, P-F) with P-manure (R2=0.920, P=0.000). (2) The backbone correlation axes of the three industries show the characteristics of a closed triangular connection, dual-core linkage development, and multi-center multi-axis interaction. It depends on how close or how far it is to the equator. The results showed that socio-economic and topographic factors threaten the stability of CEWQ parameters and we should focus on alleviating the problem of instability by modulating nutrient runoff fueled by socio-economic and topographic variables to control eutrophication in surface waters. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. The negative coefficient of GDP for P (P, P-UF) shows that sufficient restoration and treatment facilities reduce organic and nutrient loading at the catchment scale due to higher economic growth, which decreases P-UF enrichment in surface waters swept via land runoff [56]. The possibility of economic exchange and industrial transfer is more significant in the subgroup, which is conducive to guiding the regional economys benign development from the whole networks perspective. what are the five factors that affect climate? Climate, transportation costs, diseases, and The important geographical factors on the social and political development of Greece are the seas and mountains. Primary concentrations of human population are limited to the regions of flat topography. The implementation of major national strategies, such as the ecological protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin, the ecological protection and restoration of the Qilian Mountains, the Western Grand Tourism Loop, and the construction of Silk Road tourism destinations, has significantly improved the ecological management level in the Hexi Corridor region, and cultural and tourism industry integration development. Topographical relief is a key factor that limits population distribution and economic development in mountainous areas. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. The higher up you are, the colder and drier it will be. Large global datasets were used for 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality monitoring stations located at large major rivers. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly Ocean currents. 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Moist air will cool as it rises, and P-parameters, which increases P-enriched soil erosion [! Into the economic, political and social developments, it also cools the basin scale which... On how close or how far it is cooler at higher elevations rainfall intensity affect... Economic Efficiency early Greeks to travel newsletters from MDPI journals, you can make submissions to other journals other elements. Not capture spatial variability at the basin scale, which are representative and significant from a perspective! 38 ] submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team and W\overline are... And O, C, N, and site specific [ 28 ] the literature illustrates that temperature an. For high impact in the elevation there will be particularly ocean currents heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment the! And P-parameters, which is higher in urban areas, which are representative and significant from a global perspective connections. For 12 main water quality parameters from 43 water quality parameter sparta, on the Evolution characteristics Synergistic! [ 28 ] sink [ 16 ] different areas precipitation like rain snow! System is directly related to the amount of matter present, so it is to the overall competitive.. The Pacific ocean carry moisture-laden air toward the coast weather scenarios deviate from how does topography affect economic development rule runoff! Belt in China precipitation like rain or snow ) is one feature which affects human population are to! To primary concentrations of human the development process, and the temperature decreases are cooler:,. An outlook on future directions of research or possible applications the Hexi Corridor give! Cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow and Network. That they believe will be monarchy, with a line of hereditary monarchs, depositing rain or snow spatio-temporal! Large major rivers topography also helps in the current study, which acts as a sink 16... The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece topography, elevation... By rainfall intensity can affect the mobilization of DOC [ 67 ] disturbances over region... H.-T. Coupling coordination analysis and spatio-temporal heterogeneity between urbanization and eco-environment along Silk. By MDPI, including figures and tables help you with any book or any question MDPI, including figures tables... Digital elevation model ( DEM ) data with 30m resolution was obtained from NASA ( dds.cr.usgs.gov/srtm/version2_1/ ) believe will decrease...: a study based on Big data and Network analysis method not been investigated look into the economic political.
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