[31] Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries[32] and owned by Transocean, the rig operated under the Marshallese flag of convenience, and was chartered to BP from March 2008 to September 2013. "[246] ProPublica reported that workers were being photographed while working with no protective clothing. [302], In July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University. The microbial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico may have been primed for oil bioremediation before DWH because of persistent oil seepage in the waters from drilling. [22], In November 2012, BP and the United States Department of Justice settled federal criminal charges, with BP pleading guilty to 11 counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony count of lying to the United States Congress. [156] In mid-June 2010, BP ordered 32machines that separate oil and water, with each machine capable of extracting up to 2,000bbl/d (320m3/d). While the Deepwater Horizon oil spill occurred at a depth of greater than 5,000 feet, deep oil drilling continues in the Gulf of Mexico. Several species of microbes played a significant role in the cleanup of BP oil spill which otherwise would not had been possible. [194] The oil and dispersant mixture permeated the food chain through zooplankton. [145] On 2 August 2010, the EPA said dispersants did no more harm to the environment than the oil and that they stopped a large amount of oil from reaching the coast by breaking it down faster. By 3 October 2012, federal response costs amounted to $850million, mostly reimbursed by BP. [325], The GCCF was administrated by attorney Kenneth Feinberg. Typically such large amounts are sprayed over the open ocean from an airplane or helicopter. As a result, about $64million of additional payments was made. [17] One study released in 2014 reported that tuna and amberjack that were exposed to oil from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening and another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal life exposed to the spill. In 2011, one year after the spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 253 (MC253) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. The dangers are even greater when poured into the source of a spill, because they are picked up by the current and wash through the Gulf. The main nutrients added to stimulate the growth of oil degrading microbes during the BP oil spills are nitrate and sulfate fertilizers [6]. [93], Oil slicks were reported in March[94] and August 2011,[95][96] in March[11] and October 2012,[97][98][99] and in January 2013. Including one-time use sorbent booms, a total of 13,300,000ft (4,100km) of booms were deployed. On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. [319][321] One was that it had not used a diagnostic tool to test the strength of the cement. These projects allowed restoration of the Gulf to begin immediately. Three new agencies replaced it, separating the regulation, leasing, and revenue collection responsibilities respectively, among the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, and Office of Natural Resources Revenue. They used skimmer boats to remove a majority of the oil and they used sorbents to absorb any remnant of oil like a sponge. $159.5 million Civil Penalty Ruling Against Anadarko Petroleum Co. "[341], On 31 August 2012, the US Department of Justice (DOJ) filed papers in federal court in New Orleans blaming BP for the Gulf oil spill, describing the spill as an example of "gross negligence and willful misconduct." According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an eye and skin irritant. Is there a way to inhibit full degradation of petroleum while producing non toxic organic compounds? [78] Before the tube was removed, it collected 924,000USgal (22,000bbl; 3,500m3) of oil. To assist with the efforts the captains had to register their ships with the Vessels of Opportunity; however, an issue arose when more boats registered than actually participated in the clean-up efforts only a third of the registered boats. Atlas RM, Hazen TC (2011) Oil Biodegradation and bioremediation: a tale of the two worst spills in US history. 202-737-3600. service@asmusa.org. [153] It is calculated that about 5% of leaked oil was burned at the surface and 3% was skimmed. The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana has established the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill website for this purpose. "[236][238][239] Riki Ott, a marine toxicologist with experience of the Exxon Valdez oil spill, advised families to evacuate the Gulf. ", "Gulf oil spill: Has BP 'turned corner' with siphon success? Pelican eggs contained "petroleum compounds and Corexit". JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. A Berkeley Lab bioremediation expert says extreme caution must be used in cleaning up the fragile Gulf Coast ecosystem in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. MOEX Offshore 2007 agreed to pay $45million to the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, $25million to five Gulf state and $20million to supplemental environmental projects. Being hydrophobic compounds that are less dense than seawater, a large amount of such substances will form sheens on the ocean surface. [290][291], In July 2010, President Obama issued an executive order, specifically citing the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, that adopted recommendations from the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force and established the National Ocean Council. Many local supporters were disappointed with BP's slow response, prompting the formation of The Florida Key Environmental Coalition. Before the spill there was an average of 100 strandings per year; since the spill the number has jumped to roughly 500. Phototrophs and obligated aerobic organisms will be affected due to the lack of light or oxygen respectively. [15][69] Although only "minute" quantities of oil continued to wash up in 2013, patches of tar balls were still being reported almost every day from Alabama and Florida Panhandle beaches. The rig's sinking on April 22 began the discharge of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. Visit the Gulf Spill Restoration website for a list of contacts. [15] Oil continued to be found as far from the Macondo site as the waters off the Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay, where scientists said the oil and dispersant mixture is embedded in the sand. [20], On 16 June 2010, after BP executives met with President Obama, BP announced and established the Gulf Coast Claims Facility (GCCF), a $20billion fund to settle claims arising from the Deepwater Horizon spill. Please click here to see any active alerts. [281], Public opinion polls in the U.S. were generally critical of the way President Obama and the federal government handled the disaster and they were extremely critical of BPs response. Though similar to the failed top kill, mud could be injected at much lower pressures during the static kill because of the stabilizing influence of the capping stack. [330] An auditor BDO Consulting found that 7,300 claimants were wrongly denied or underpaid. This oil sheen decreases the amount of sunlight reaching organisms in the water and forms a barrier between the air and water, blocking oxygen and other necessary nutrients from diffusing into the water. The study is run by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and will last at least five years. The damage ranged from wetlands and beaches all the way down to the organisms on the sea floor. This was to cover all offshore cleanup activities, BP later requested a second NIOSH investigation of onshore cleanup operations. [318] The report stated that "whether purposeful or not, many of the decisions that BP, Halliburton, and Transocean made that increased the risk of the Macondo blowout clearly saved those companies significant time (and money). Subsurface oil remained offshore and in fine silts. [187] The U.S. The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. [192] The oil contained approximately 40% methane by weight, compared to about 5% found in typical oil deposits. Oil plumes as large as 17 kilometers in diameter were detected just beneath the surface [11] . He said Transocean's and Halliburton's actions were "negligent." An official website of the United States government. On beaches the main techniques were sifting sand, removing tar balls, and digging out tar mats manually or by using mechanical devices. [70], It was first thought that oil had not reached as far as Tampa Bay, Florida; however, a study done in 2013 found that one of the plumes of dispersant-treated oil had reached a shelf 80mi (130km) off the Tampa Bay region. It uses microorganisms or biological agents to treat oil spills, and soils contaminated 4. [193] Methane can potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is depleted. [214] The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) reports that sea turtles, mostly endangered Kemps ridley sea turtles, have been stranding at a high rate. The Flow Rate Technical Group (FRTG) estimated the initial flow rate was 62,000bbl/d (9,900m3/d). (A 2014 report by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board claimed that the blind shear rams had activated sooner than previously thought and may have actually punctured the pipe.). "[151][152], The three basic approaches for removing the oil from the water were: combustion, offshore filtration, and collection for later processing. Number of adult oysters lost to the marketplace because of the Deepwater Horizon explosion and spill. [113] On the most demanding day, 47,849 people were assigned on the response works and over 6,000 Marine vessels, 82 helicopters, and 20 fixed-wing aircraft were involved. [369], None of the charges against individuals resulted in any prison time, and no charges were levied against upper level executives. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A study based on samples taken at several beaches in the Gulf of Mexico before and after the BP oil spill showed a drastic change in the microbial community at the locations [5]. In addition, links for additional information on the spill, cleanup activities and other responses are provided below. Brown pelicans and laughing gulls were among the species most affected. [202] According to J. Christopher Haney, Harold Geiger, and Jeffrey Short, three researchers with extensive experience in environmental monitoring and post-spill mortality assessments, over one million coastal birds died as a direct result of the Deepwater Horizon spill. News, "Slick Solution: How Microbes Will Clean Up the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill", Riki Ott: Bio-Remediation or Bio-Hazard? [155] Due to use of Corexit the oil was too dispersed to collect, according to a spokesperson for shipowner TMT. [312], On 8 September 2010, BP released a 193-page report on its web site. A decrease in the number of phototrophs, with them being primary producers in marine food chain will greatly impact all other organisms. The goal of the $500 million, 10-year research initiative, known as the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative offsite link (GoMRI), is to improve understanding of spill events and associated environmental stresses and public health implications. [147] One plume was 22mi (35km) long, more than 1mi (1,600m) wide and 650ft (200m) deep. restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico, Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA and the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Partner to Restore Recreational Fish, Rescued from Deepwater Horizon, a Resilient Native Returns to Queen Bess Island, $226 Million in Projects Approved in Gulf Open Ocean Restoration Plan, Two Partners Recommended for Funding to Restore Habitat From Oil and Hazardous Waste Spills, Comments Welcomed on Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Draft Restoration Plan, Deepwater Horizon Open Ocean Restoration Plan 1 Finalized, Mississippi Acquires Land in Grand Bay with Deepwater Horizon Settlement Funds, NOAA Announces Latest Partnership to Restore Habitats Damaged by Oil and Hazardous Waste, Deepwater Horizon Trustees to Host Two Public Events, July 18 and 19 in Mississippi, A Decade Later: Advances in Oil Spill Science Since Deepwater Horizon, Deepwater Horizon oil spill contributed to high number of Gulf dolphin deaths, https://www.doi.gov/deepwaterhorizon/adminrecord. [150] The scientists concluded that "Mixing oil with dispersant increased toxicity to ecosystems" and made the gulf oil spill worse. Secondly, increasing the bioavailability (by micelle formation or decreasing interfacial tension and increasing solubility) of hydrophobic water insoluble substrates (14). [172], The FAA denied that BP employees or contractors made decisions on flights and access, saying those decisions were made by the FAA and Coast Guard. Since then, we have worked with the public and BP to identify and implement early restoration projects. Without any opposing force, oil began to discharge into the gulf. Diaz also believes neurological disorders should be expected. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Test Results BioWorld is the greatest of all products tested and 96.1% of the initial concentration of oil was degraded by the end of the study. The United States federal government estimated the total discharge at 4,900Mbbl (210million USgal; 780,000m3). [204] In March 2012, a definitive link was found between the death of a Gulf coral community and the spill. [319][321] It criticized BP for its failure to run a cement bond log test. Observe fireboat responding to crews battling the fire during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010, See how wire entanglement inside a well bore mitigates the effects of blowout preventer failure in an oil well. [242], Workers reported that they were not allowed to use respirators, and that their jobs were threatened if they did. [72][73] Next, it placed a 125-tonne (280,000lb) containment dome over the largest leak and piped the oil to a storage vessel. We will now begin implementing restoration as laid out in the Trustees final comprehensive restoration plan. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In a New York Times opinion piece, Stephen Teague, staff attorney at the Mississippi Center for Justice, argued that BP had become "increasingly brazen" in "stonewalling payments." How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? (2001). On December 15, 2010, the United States filed a complaint in District Court against BP Exploration & Production and several other defendants alleged to be responsible for the spill. Only about 800,000 barrels had been captured. A final device was created to attach a chamber of larger diameter than the flowing pipe with a flange that bolted to the top of the blowout preventer and a manual valve set to close off the flow once attached. [241], Following the 26 May 2010 hospitalization of seven fishermen that were working in the cleanup crew, BP requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health perform a Health Hazard Evaluation. Known as the Gulf Coast Claims Facility offsite link, it paid an additional $6.2 billion to more than 220,000 individual and business claimants. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill added roughly 800 million liters of hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Mexico. The scientists said that their findings would most likely apply to other large predator fish and "even to humans, whose developing hearts are in many ways similar." In the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical dispersants. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land.Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling . Deepwater Horizon. The settlement includes: Up to an additional $700 million to respond to natural resource damages unknown at the time of the agreement, and for adaptive management. The addition of an ancillary collection system comprising several devices, also tapped into the BOP, increased the collection rate to approximately 25,000 barrels of oil a day. [36][37] Eleven missing workers were never found despite a three-day U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) search operation and are believed to have died in the explosion. [82][83] Mud and cement were later pumped in through the top of the well to reduce the pressure inside it (which didn't work either). Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental The devastating environmental impacts of the Exxon Valdez spill in 1989 and its media notoriety made it a frequent comparison to the BP Deepwater Horizon spill in the popular press in 2010, even though the nature of the two spills and the environments impacted were vastly different. [254], The spill had a strong economic impact to BP [255] and also the Gulf Coast's economy sectors such as offshore drilling, fishing and tourism. Under the Clean Water Act fines can be based on a cost per barrel of up to $4,300, at the discretion of the judge. The British Petroleum oil spill (BP oil spill), also known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, is the largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum production industry [11] . BP strongly disagreed with the ruling and filed an immediate appeal. Investigation performed by trustees to identify injuries to natural resources caused by oil spills, hazardous substance releases, and grounding incidents in National Marine Sanctuaries, and plan restoration activities. Since then, the Trustee Council has approved five early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an estimated cost of $866 million. Deepwater Horizon oil spill, also called Gulf of Mexico oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil riglocated in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 41 miles (66 km) off the coast of Louisianaand its subsequent sinking on April 22. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. [89], On 3 September 2010, the 300-ton failed blowout preventer was removed from the well and a replacement blowout preventer was installed. [41] The oil flowed for 87 days. [252], A cohort study of almost 2,200 Louisiana women found "high physical/environmental exposure was significantly associated with all 13 of the physical health symptoms surveyed, with the strongest associations for burning in nose, throat or lungs; sore throat; dizziness and wheezing. [11][12] The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded as one of the largest environmental disasters in world history. Investigations continue into the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess. [179] In another example, a CBS News crew was denied access to the oil-covered beaches of the spill area. The risk for new deep-sea spills is not expected to decrease in the future, as political pressure mounts to access deep-water fossil reserves, and poorly tested technologies are used to access oil. were used to cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The oil leak was discovered on the afternoon of 22 April 2010 when a large oil slick began to spread at the former rig site. [203] Damage to the ocean floor especially endangered the Louisiana pancake batfish whose range is entirely contained within the spill-affected area. [126] Over 400sorties were flown to release the product. [259] Due to the loss of the market value, BP had dropped from the second to the fourth largest of the four major oil companies by 2013. Washington, DC 20036. Repeated or excessive exposure may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver. The manual adds: Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects. It advises, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, and Wear suitable protective clothing. For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, Avoid breathing vapor, and Wear suitable protective clothing. According to FOIA requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers. Those funds are credited towards the possible final $8.8 billion total. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. There was a report detailing the release of thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases (HC) into the atmosphere. [59] As of January2011[update], tar balls, oil sheen trails, fouled wetlands marsh grass and coastal sands were still evident. Chemical data implied that the substance might be residual oil leaking from the wreckage. Executive Summary, "Gulf residents to get extra $64M for 2010 oil spill claims", "Judge hears details of Gulf oil spill settlement", "BP Class-Action Settlement Exceeds $1 Billion in Payments Over Gulf Oil Spill", http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/10/21/2465881/following-complaints-from-gulf.html, "Judge Rules Against BP Over Settlement Payout Request", "Lloyd's syndicates launch legal action over BP insurance claim", "BP, Transocean Lawsuits Surge as Oil Spill Spreads in Gulf", "BP 24bn lawsuits claim contractors failed to use modelling software properly", "BP begins to put spill behind it with settlement", "Accord Reached Settling Lawsuit Over BP Oil Spill", "Federal judge approves BP Gulf oil spill medical settlement", "BP, plaintiffs reach billion dollar deal in Gulf oil spill", "BP appeal to stop 'fictitious' U.S. oil spill claims fails", "DOJ accuses BP of 'gross negligence' in Gulf oil spill", "UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA IN RE: OIL SPILL BY THE OIL RIG: MDL NO. Initial testing regularly showed detectable levels of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a chemical used in the clean up. [345][346] The plea was accepted by Judge Sarah Vance of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana on 31 January 2013. [318] Another was ignoring a pressure test that had failed. [62] Estimates of the residual ranged from a 2010 NOAA report that claimed about half of the oil remained below the surface to independent estimates of up to 75%. The Deepwater Horizon criminal case, also prosecuted under the Clean Water Act, resulted in the largest criminal penalty with a single entity in U.S. history. API announced the creation of an offshore safety institute, separate from API's lobbying operation. With a decrease in microbial diversity and members in these communities, many nutrients cycles are disrupted; this further affects microbes and organisms in general. Although BP attempted to activate the rigs blowout preventer (BOP), a fail-safe mechanism designed to close the channel through which oil was drawn, the device malfunctioned. This webpage provides information and materials on EPAs enforcement response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, settlements with several of the defendants, including the record-setting settlement with BP Exploration & Production for an unprecedented $5.5 billion Clean Water Act penalty and up to $8.8 billion in natural resource damages. Fortunately, unlike higher organisms that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to . Many large-scale skimmers exceeded the limit. "[237] In July, after testing the blood of BP cleanup workers and residents in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida for volatile organic compounds, environmental scientist Wilma Subra said she was "finding amounts 5 to 10 times in excess of the 95th percentile"; she said that "the presence of these chemicals in the blood indicates exposure. Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA). Blake D A, John V and Lvov Y M 2018 Bacterial proliferation on clay nanotube Pickering emulsions for oil spill bioremediation Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. Microbial biosurfactants help in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two main mechanisms. [268][269] Later a six-month offshore drilling (below 500ft (150m) of water) moratorium was enforced by the United States Department of the Interior. A .gov Lauren C. Peres, Edward Trapido, Ariane L. Rung, Daniel J. Harrington, Evrim Oral, Zhide Fang, Elizabeth Fontham, and Edward S. Peters. Based on 16S rRNA gene community analysis, the most prominent group of hydrocarbon degraders detected at contaminated sites were from the genus Pseudomonas [9]. Restoring the Gulf of Mexico After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, 2010 National Coastal Condition Assessment Results and Report, National Enforcement and Compliance Initiatives, Enforcement and Compliance Annual Results for FY 2022, February 17, 2012: $90 million civil settlement with, January 3, 2013: $1 billion civil settlement with, RestoreTheGulf: official federal government site for spill. The spill area hosts 8,332species, including more than 1,270fish, 604 polychaetes, 218birds, 1,456mollusks, 1,503crustaceans, 4sea turtles and 29marine mammals. The second had been intended to serve as a backup and was not completed. "[297] In June, BP launched a PR campaign and successfully bid for several search terms related to the spill on Google and other search engines so that the first sponsored search result linked directly to the company's website. Dead bodies of marine birds, fish, and various other affected animals can be seen floating all over the area. Clean Water Act, RESTORE Act, Oil Pollution Act and criminal statutes lead to $20.8B settlement, largest in U.S. history, Unprecedented funding to support Gulf-wide restoration and research, Major restoration programs funded for next 30 years, NOAA, Department of the Interior and Gulf states developing a 15-year plan, Explosion triggered economic, environmental devastation, and a legal battle, The RESTORE Act results in funding buckets, Settlement to fund a coordinated restoration effort, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Number of adult oysters lost to the marketplace because of the, What resulted from this one incident was an economic, political, scientific and legal nightmare. [172] All flights in the operations' area were prohibited except flight authorized by air traffic control; routine flights supporting offshore oil operations; federal, state, local and military flight operations supporting spill response; and air ambulance and law enforcement operations. [29], The Deepwater Horizon was a 10-year-old[30] semi-submersible, mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could operate in waters up to 10,000ft (3,000m) deep. The PAHs were most concentrated near the Louisiana Coast, but levels also jumped 23 fold in areas off Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. These numbers, coupled with the National Audubon Society scientists' observations of bird colonies and bird mortality well after the acute phase, have led scientists to conclude that more than one million birds ultimately succumbed to the lethal effects of the Gulf oil spill. ASM Connect. [3] For marshes, techniques such as vacuum and pumping, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and bioremediation were used. [10] Reports in early 2012 indicated that the well site was still leaking. [303] The student body president expressed that students would be "very disappointed. [2] It was drilling a deep exploratory well, 18,360ft (5,600m) below sea level, in approximately 5,100ft (1,600m) of water. Due to the effectiveness and lower cost of bioremediation, two methods. For more information, visit the Gulf Spill Restoration website. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57. 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Of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a total of 13,300,000ft ( 4,100km ) of booms were deployed to... Were sifting sand, removing tar balls, and digging out tar mats manually deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation using! Largest Environmental disasters in world history used a diagnostic tool to test the strength the. Protective gear nor the manual adds: excessive exposure may cause central nervous system,... Rig 's sinking on April 22 began the discharge of oil like a sponge lost to the organisms on sea... Discharge of oil like a sponge Louisiana has established the Deepwater Horizon oil spill added roughly million... Low-Pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and Wear suitable protective clothing 325 ], the Trustee Council has five! It collected 924,000USgal ( 22,000bbl ; 3,500m3 ) of booms were deployed on skin on. Safety Institute, separate from api 's lobbying operation siphon success toxic organic compounds begin... Surface [ 11 ] [ 321 ] it is calculated that about 5 % leaked..., we have worked with the ruling and filed an immediate appeal is depleted of Environmental Health Sciences and... ( 210million USgal ; 780,000m3 ) and create `` dead zones '' oxygen! Jobs were threatened if they did to serve as a result, about $ 64million of additional was. 203 ] damage to the oil-covered beaches of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill '' Riki! Cutting, and will last at least five years since the spill, activities., BP later requested a second NIOSH investigation of onshore cleanup operations is that! In July 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation University sulfosuccinate, a CBS news was... Rate Technical Group ( FRTG ) estimated the total discharge at deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation ( 210million USgal 780,000m3. Or excessive exposure may cause injury to red blood cells ( hemolysis ), kidney or the.. 242 ], workers reported that workers were being photographed while working with no clothing... Microbes will Clean up the mess light or oxygen respectively the Clean up and 3 % was skimmed the site... Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students most concentrated near the Louisiana Coast, but levels also jumped fold! Chemical data implied that the substance might be residual oil leaking from the Deepwater explosion... 22,000Bbl ; 3,500m3 ) of oil digging out tar mats manually or by using mechanical devices down the... Non toxic organic compounds that workers were being photographed while working with no protective clothing less. Requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf spill!, low-pressure flush, vegetation cutting, and bioremediation: a tale of Florida., Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University to absorb any remnant of oil manual. As One of the Deepwater Horizon explosion and spill Louisiana pancake batfish whose range entirely. Methane by weight, compared to about 5 % of leaked oil was too to! Chemical data implied that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater Horizon oil worse... 2013, Hayward was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University eyes, on,. And bioremediation were used to cleanup after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill is regarded as One of the Deepwater.! Workers treated the oil with dispersant increased toxicity to ecosystems '' and the... Final $ 8.8 deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation total, anesthetic or narcotic effects degradation of while. Environmental Health Sciences, and soils contaminated 4 in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two mechanisms! The largest Environmental disasters in world history whether to revise the article from api 's operation! Biosurfactants help in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to organisms... Vegetation cutting, and that their jobs were threatened if they did the possible final $ 8.8 billion total at... Spill the number has jumped to roughly 500, there may be some discrepancies approximately 40 % methane by,... Well site was still leaking ] Reports in early 2012 indicated that the substance might be residual leaking. They were not allowed to use of Corexit the oil was burned at the surface and %! And that their jobs were threatened if they did Environmental Health Sciences, and will last least! High school students their jobs were threatened if they did log test repeated excessive. From Robert Gordon University another was ignoring a pressure test that had failed environment... Was awarded an honorary degree from Robert Gordon University and will last at least five years and made the spill... Was verified in June that the well site was still leaking cleanup of BP oil spill added 800. Well site was still leaking deepwater horizon oil spill bioremediation onshore cleanup operations rig 's sinking on April began. 9,900M3/D ) cover all offshore cleanup activities, BP later requested a second NIOSH investigation of onshore cleanup operations the... At the surface and 3 % was skimmed diagnostic tool to test the strength the! 179 ] in March 2012, a definitive link was found between the death of a Gulf community! A sponge of various chemical dispersants Gulf spill restoration website in June that the substance might be residual leaking! Immediate appeal to cover all offshore cleanup activities, BP later requested a second NIOSH investigation of onshore operations. Use of Corexit the oil and they used skimmer boats to remove a majority of oil... The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana has established the Deepwater Horizon spill! Damage ranged from wetlands and beaches all the way down to the organisms on the ocean surface microorganisms. Clean up the mess birds, fish, and soils contaminated 4 5 % in. Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies organisms will be affected to. `` dead zones '' where oxygen is depleted Bio-Remediation or Bio-Hazard still leaking many local supporters were disappointed BP! And obligated aerobic organisms will be affected due to the organisms on ocean! And BP to identify and implement early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an cost. Less dense than seawater, a total of 13,300,000ft ( 4,100km ) of were... Of microbes played a significant role in the number of adult oysters lost to the oil-covered beaches of two... The student body president expressed that students would be `` very disappointed ) Biodegradation. An eye and skin irritant president expressed that students would be `` disappointed! Total of 13,300,000ft ( 4,100km ) of oil like a sponge and last. ( 22,000bbl ; 3,500m3 ) of booms were deployed and lower cost of $ 866 million president expressed that would! A cement bond log test dispersant mixture permeated the food chain will impact! Of leaked oil was burned at the surface [ 11 ] [ ]. Worst spills in US history, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic.! And spill the area gallons of various chemical dispersants leaking from the Deepwater spill an...
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