[81] In 1580, the first Jesuit priests came to England. HOMEWORK Who was Mary Queen of Scots? While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. Over the course of Elizabeths reign the English did several things that angered the Spanish. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. changes had left England in a state of religious instability, which Elizabeth needed to fix. [99] Whitgift's demands produced widespread turmoil, and around 400 ministers were suspended for refusal to subscribe. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. The Act of Supremacy brought about in 1534, declared that Henry VIII as the absolute head of the church of England. Religious Settlement One key feature of the religious settlement was that the Act of Supremacy made Elizabeth supreme governor of the Church of England. What was the outcome of the Religious Settlement? [92] While Parliament still met, Thomas Wilcox and John Field published An Admonition to the Parliament that condemned "Popish abuses yet remaining in the English Church" and episcopal polity. However, there were some actual religious practices that were very similar to the Catholic Church, including the celebration of the mass (also known as Holy Communion) and the priests wearing of vestments. According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology". Under the bill, only opinions contrary to Scripture, the General Councils of the early church, and any future Parliament could be treated as heresy by the Crown's ecclesiastical commissioners. The Act of Supremacy became law. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. The Church then forcibly accepted and agreed to the fact that Henry was now the Protector and Supreme Head on earth of the English Church till laws of God allows. They looked to the Church Fathers rather than the Reformers and preferred using the more traditional 1549 prayer book. [30] The revised Book of Common Prayer removed this denunciation of the Pope. [117] The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a via media "between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". Printable handouts full of fascinating details that give students an insight into the life and times of Shakespeare, cut up version designed for bottom set who can re-organise info, synthesis and present back to the class to demonstrate their understanding. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. From there they wrote and published a large body of Catholic polemical work to counter Protestantism, particularly Thomas Harding, Richard Smyth, and William Allen. Browse these study & revision resources covering Early Elizabethan England 1558-1588 for the Edexcel GCSE History option (B4). [50] A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the royal arms were to be displayed. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. Any person holding a public office or church office in England had to take the oath of supremacy pledging allegiance to the English monarch and recognizing her as the absolute governor of the Church of England. To try to bring together these different groups and ease religious tensions, Elizabeth came up with what became known as the Religious Settlement. "[108] Laudianism, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. It was given statutory force by the Subscription Act, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement. [15] It was obvious to most that these were temporary measures. [4] The doctrines of purgatory, prayer for the dead and the intercession of saints were also rejected during this time. Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action. In response, a group of conformists including Richard Bancroft, John Bridges, Matthew Sutcliffe, Thomas Bilson, and Hadrian Saravia began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law. [77], In 1569, the Revolt of the Northern Earls attempted to overthrow England's Protestant regime. In 1568, the Duke of Alva had 5 of his ships intercepted and robbed of 85,000 in gold bullion. The bishops visited the church regularly to see whether everyone followed the oath of supremacy and the settlement rules. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement. [73] They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. BBC BItesize: Elizabeth I revision. Clever Lili is here to help you ace your exams. The seminary priests were dependent on the gentry families of southern England. They passed the first laws of the English Reformation which were then very important laws for the English parliament. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which was made during the reign of Elizabeth I, was a response to the religious divisions in England during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I. However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. The decision of not granting the divorce was still firm by the church and this is when Henry decided to announce that the Pope did not have any power in England. This proved to be advantageous for her because she could put protestant in these positions. Liza Picard takes a look at crime in Elizabethan England and describes the brutal punishments offenders received, from whipping and public humiliation to hanging and burning at the stake. KS4 - GCSE History - Elizabethan England - Political and Religious rivalry - England and Spain (no rating) 0 customer reviews. What key changes to religion did the Religious Settlement introduce? The Elizabethan Age saw ties become frayed as a result of English actions, Spanish actions, Religion, The Netherlands and Trade. Life in Elizabethan England 7: Religion Religion Everyone has one. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. Later, she decided that roods should be restored in parish churches. As well as sugar, silks and spices, Persian and Ottoman rugs and carpets covered Elizabethan interiors. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. It was made compulsory for all to attend Church every Sunday and also on holy days. Try to focus on: Religion in Elizabethan England was a political matter because the Elizabethan state was unable for lack of resources, or unwilling for lack of conviction and commitment, to enforce the strict religious uniformity which was supposed to obtain. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. [89] These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the Earl of Leicester, Walter Mildmay, Francis Walsingham, the Earl of Warwick and William Cecil. Thus, the Elizabethan Religious Settlement is also called an Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. [23][21] It was not popular with the clergy, and the Convocation of Canterbury reacted by affirming papal supremacy, transubstantiation and the Mass as a sacrificial offering. [16] In February, the House of Commons passed a Reformation Bill that would restore royal supremacy, the Edwardine Ordinal, and a slightly revised 1552 prayer book. Worksheet to organise the different educations for different classes / genders. [40] Across the nation, parishes paid to have roods, images and altar tabernacles removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary. The Directory was not a liturgical book but only a set of directions and outlines for services. As I say, becon is still my right arm. What a great product. The period is often referred to as a Golden Age of history: England became a major European power in politics, exploration, trade and the arts, while Elizabeth Is long rule created stability after the shorter, tumultuous rules of her siblings, Edward VI and Mary I. [60], Devotional singing at home was shared between family and friends. Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. The Act of Supremacy of 1558 re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome, and Parliament conferred on Elizabeth the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Englands trade with Turkey, Morocco and Persia (which continued intermittently throughout this period) transformed the domestic economy of Elizabethan England, from what people ate to what they wore and even what they said. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the Directory for Public Worship. If one did not attend the Church, they were fined 12 pence. To try to bring together these different groups and ease religious tensions, Elizabeth came up with what became known as the Religious Settlement. Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee, and feed on him in thy heart by faith with thanksgiving" [1552]. The Act of Supremacy passed by the Parliament of England is significant because it declared the English monarch as the head of the church. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. This group was led by Richard Neile of Durham and became known as the Durham House group. [105], At the start of his reign, Puritans presented the Millenary Petition to the King. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts. Explorers became famous and their work has had a lasting legacy. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. 1559-60: 400 Catholic clergymen who served under Mary I resign. Unfortunately this lesson is no longer available. Since the Act of Uniformity 1549 which approved the first prayer book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 prayer book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published. History of Britain from Roman times to Restoration era. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603) that brought the English Reformation to a conclusion. In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles were adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail. By 1568 Elizabeths new religious settlement had been in place for nearly a decade. The term Supreme Head was avoided because Christ was seen as Head of the Church. England had been a Catholic nation under the rule of the previous monarch, Mary I. Catholics were not happy with the Religious Settlement. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of rood lofts in London. History of the VEC, The Venerable English College. 2 June - the children's zoo at London Zoo is opened by Robert and Ted Kennedy, two of the sons of United States ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy. Their property would then belong to the king. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. [82], The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Tried and tested worksheets, activities and games to download. This petition for church reform was referred to the Hampton Court Conference of 1604, which agreed to produce a new version of the Book of Common Prayer that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. All the prayer books of Edward VI were integrated into one book. [65], With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second Book of Homilies with sermons on 20 topics. 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