Given the shear hysterics around AGM put around by people with very weak understandings of the sciences, who is surprised if they get the numbers wrong.who cares but isnt the graphic very pretty? Lindquist, Sandra J. Much depended upon the skill and patience of the driller.. Noctilucent clouds can be several times as high as nacreous clouds. IT Services Please report any problems or feedback concerning this website to uaf-rcs@alaska.edu. Summary. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the Western US was a place where a long period of erosion had worn the land down below sea level in spots, and there existed a feature called an inland sea. The well was halted because it struck molten sulfur. While several of the media reports and the Fuel Fix infographic allude to drilling sideways or extended-reach, they all seem omit the word vertical. And all of them leave the reader with the impression that this is the deepest oil well ever drilled. It had three anvils one above the other. The greater the hole angle, the bigger the difference. In 1976 or 77 when I was stationed at NAS Agana Guam the weather radar guys at Anderson AFB painted a stationary offshore thunderstorm at 85,000 feet. Its not subduction. The derrickman would snag at least one tripple each trip. Its not only not the worlds deepest oil well, its about 20,000 shy of the deepest oil well in the Gulf of Mexico, possibly deepest in the world. Too bad about that guy in South America. Heres a cross section of the Williston Basin in North Dakota. For all the media misunderstanding surrounding them, the Chayvo wells - all but one of them record-breakers in total measured depth - are evidence of a trend that we are already seeing across the world. Wells drilled here have been among the worlds deepest. The Bakken shale has a total organic carbon content (TOC) which averages about 11%. That announcement was 14 years ago, and I could not find a more recent article or publication on using this technique on oil. By the early 1900s, rotary drilling introduced the hollow drill stem that enabled broken rock debris to be washed out of the borehole. It is now over 40,000 feet deep, making it the deepest hole on earth (the previous record holder was the Bertha Rogers well in Oklahoma--a gas well stopped at 32,000 feet when it struck molten sulfur). It has always been the case that some people take the newest research or hypothesis as more than just an idea or some guesswork, but instead see it as knowledge. Commercial aviation, the natural progression for older fighter pilots, presented its own challenges mostly the enormous responsibility of having close to 400 souls counting on my experience and judgement every time I went to work. The notion I have of oil has to do with sedimentation, not subduction. Jackson, TN 38305 1 barrel of crude oil = 5,722,000 Btu Everest and all mountain ranges with elevations of 2 miles above sea level to the areal extent of all oil fields with producing layers greater than 2 miles below sea level? Greenhouse Effect noun the trapping of the suns warmth in the planets lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planets surface. Individuals should consider whether they can afford the risks associated to trading. Multiple sources say something to this effect: On November 26, 2005, Vijaypat Singhania set the world altitude record for highest hot-air-balloon flight, reaching 21,290 m (69,850 ft). For now, the deepest man-made hole in North America is the Bertha Rogers oil well in Oklahoma. In challenging the inventive enterprise of Americas energy industry, this Basin will remain the heartland of technology in penetrating the earths crust. For too many people, what is truth has become a matter of who said a thing. It is now over 40,000 feet deep, making it the deepest hole on earth (the previous record holder was the Bertha Rogers well in Oklahoma--a gas well stopped at 32,000 feet when it struck molten sulfur). The Kola well has now penetrated about halfway through the crust of the Baltic continental shield, exposing rocks 2.7 billion years old at the bottom (for comparison, the Vishnu schist at the bottom of the Grand Canyon dates to about 2 billion years--the earth itself is about 4.6 billion years old). The deepest hole within the U.S. is the Bertha Rogers gas well in Oklahoma at 32,000 feet (6 miles) deep. Its more like a very large trampoline where rivers dump enormous amounts of sand and mud, driving it down with their weight. As an Amazon Associate, AOGHS earns a commission from qualifying purchases. The bottomhole temperature was 475 F (246 C) and the pressure was pushing 25,000 psi. But even back then and especially now with wells miles deep and often turned horizontally when a downhole problem occurred, the well could be lost for good. Coral Reefs are Dying Because of Climate Change, Coal Pollution Can Be Seen Pouring From Power Plant Smokestacks, Greenland Ice Loss Will Cause Dangerous Sea Level Rise, Sea Level Rise is Accelerating Dramatically, The Global Temperature Record Says We Are in a Climate Emergency, The 130-Degree F Reading in Death Valley Is A World Record, Unprecedented Heat Wave in Pacific Northwest was Driven by Climate Change. Geos tend toward TVD because its the only way to correlate the well with other wells and the seismic data. 1 (Anardarko basin, Oklahoma, U.S.)* . Its hard to believe there has been that much vertical movement in Earths surface (i.e., two miles subduction) over the last several hundred thousand to several hundred million years. Oil is a mixture of complex hydrocarbons: alkanes (parafins), napthenes, aromatics and asphaltenes in highly variable ratios. Way out of my comfort zone and not trying to speak for DM, but cracking I think is an industry term for the breakdown of long petroleum hydrocarbon chains into smaller ones, I guess which occurs at higher temperatures. If the oldest oil sampled is not much beyond 400 million years age (~start of Carboniferous period), I believe that would be the nail in the coffin for the abiotic theory of oil. The most slots on a Spar platform is 20 on the Genesis A facility on Green Canyon 205 in 2,590 WD and on the Holstein A facility on Green Canyon 645 in 4,340 WD. The combination of thick layers of salt and deep water depths enable oil to exist at depths previously unexpected. Hopefully, a better explanation will follow. Many lakes exist at very high places. The plate that North America sits on includes some sections that are very old, and some that are brand spanking new, and everything in between. Setting aside the fact that the oil & gas havent been trapped anywhere for 400 million years What does gravity have to do with oil & gas migrating upward? But I invite scientists more knowledgeable than me to comment on this., The greatest subduction is at the edges of the plates, such as on the American West Coast, where the North American plate is overriding the Pacific plate, which is plunging down into the mantle. This is almost impossible to explain to a freshman geology student, much less people with no understanding of geology. That first map chart showing highest clouds at 29,000 feet is ridiculously wrong, as I am sure most people here know. She was a former employee of Raytheon and retired from Bristol Tennessee School System after 24 years. So, the deepest oil well in the world is not actually the worlds longest, and thats fine. The goal was to reach a discontinuity between the upper mantle and the Earths crust called the Mohorovicic discontinuity - commonly termed the "Moho." A craton is an old, stable, block of continental crust which forms the nucleus of a continent. These are generally erosional surfaces that formed during the periods of uplift. The great expense and technological expertise necessary to complete ultra-deep natural gas wells at these depths made the Anadarko Basin the domain of the major petroleum corporations, explained Bobby Weaver, oil historian and frequent article contributor to the Oklahoma Historical Society. Copyright to all articles and other content in the online and print versions of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History is held by the Oklahoma Historical Society (OHS). Amazing would be more aptif only this depth were true. While these depths are impressive, mining is limited by the frailty of the human body. To make matters more interesting, there is also the issue of higher temperature deep in the ground. Basins can form through mechanisms other than subduction. I will cease asking questions on this subject matter in deference to those I have obviously upset. In. Site Map The sediments wound up at the bottom of the inland sea. The Lone Star Bertha Rogers well in Beckham County, . Since it was established by an Act of Congress in 1946, scientists at the Geophysical Institute have studied geophysical processes from the center of the Earth to the surface of the sun and beyond, turning data and observations into information useful for state, Arctic and national priorities. Wells. This is called directional drilling and is increasingly popular in the oil and gas industry. Those sediments are ex-mountains. Our graduates succeed in the top graduate schools, careers and ministries around the world. A rope was wound around this wheels rim and led to the bull wheel shaft. Thanks for this precautionary tale of internet inaccuracies, illustrating succinctly why skepticism is an intrinsic part of a rational mind. The basin contains sedimentary deposits ranging in thickness from two thousand feet on its northern and western flanks to forty thousand feet in its southern portion. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. Probably not. Many lost tools that cannot be recovered are drilled up or side-tracked (driven into or against the wall) and passed in drilling, Day explained. The Earths crust is broken into many smaller plates that slide very slowly over a more mobile or plastic material called the asthenosphere. Its where the oil formed; not when it formed or where it was produced. So, if not the O-14, which oil well is the deepest in the world? Oklahoma extracts the brine from a 9,800 feet (3,000 m) deep well. McKinley. Future-Directed, Employee Directory On November 26, 2005, Vijaypat Singhania set the world altitude record for highest hot-air-balloon flight, reaching 21,290 m (69,850 ft) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_altitude_record#Hot-air_balloons, And for good measure, renown hang glider pilot, Judy Leden broke the World Hang Gliding Altitude Record by being towed to 41,307 feet by a hot air balloon. Describing cable tool operations, he explained that the basic principle of well fishing tools often involved milled wedges on a spear or in a cylinder for recovering lost tubing or casing. Since that strain was always to the left, the die gradually cut a thread in the stuck cable tool. But also keep in mind that the places where oil and gas are recovered are not the source of the material, but simply a place where the right conditions exist to trap a large amount of it as it percolates upwards . While they are moving around, they can have stuff eroded off of them, piled onto them, or extruded onto or into them by volcanoes. There are some very interesting videos of large storms on you tube. We were using Black Magic as the drill fluid which made the drill floor slippery as fresh owl defecate. I should have read all the comments, as others have made the same point. This isnt based on a theory. Hendersonville, TN 37075 Unfortunately, at this depth the. The second drilling campaign at the Chayvo field, located offshore Sakhalin Island, targeted a new reservoir zone using extended-reach wells from onshore. Wells. A few years ago I was asked to review one of those deep water discoveries in the Gulf of Mexico, and although the productive layer was very thick, and the oil in place was very large, I suggested they should not expect more than a 15% recovery factor, because the fluid/rock/temperature and geology just werent good enough to do anything but cherry pick the better spots. Drilling usually would continue into the night, illuminated by two-wicked yellow dog lanterns. The ultra-deepwater Lower Tertiary play in the Gulf of Mexico and the deep subsalt plays offshore Brazil are often cited as examples of abiotic oil because the reservoirs are supposedly too deep, too hot and/or too highly pressured to be in the oil window. contrast them as you understand their similaritiesand differences. It produced until 1997. Subduction, in geology, is the process whereby a tectonic plate is forced down into the mantle of the earth. . Her most recent poetry collection, Heart Turned Back, was published by Salmon Poetry, Ireland, in 2010. The Hugoton Embayment of the Anadarko Basin is 5,000 feet vertical TD. Id take some time to reply, but unfortunately, Im expecting a call on the geophone from my friend, Moho. In re-energizing America, Anadarko will not yield its gas easily or briefly. It was picked up by Internet news sites like Business Insider, The worlds deepest oil well is over 40,000 feet deep Jeff Desjardins, Visual Capitalist Mar. It is not oil or gas that is being sought with the Kola well, but an understanding of the nature of the earth's crust. The great expense and technological expertise necessary to complete gas wells at these depths has made the Anadarko Basin the domain of the major petroleum corporations, and at the close of the twentieth century . including Medicare and Medicaid. I saw this after posting. The crust is divided up into sections called plates, which are all shapes and sizes, and may consist of all oceanic crust, all continental crust, or some of each. To effectively drain the east and west flanks of this reservoir, record-length wells beyond the current extended reach drilling (ERD) envelope were required. Excellence-Driven Beginning in the late 1950s, when technological advance allowed it, Anadarko Basin wells began to be drilled below the thirteen-thousand-foot level in what geologists call "the deep gas play." We also plugged back and made a gas completion at 12,800 feet. The Lone Star Producing Bertha Rogers was a dry hole, drilled near Sayer OK, but the Deep Anadarko Basin has some the deepest productive gas wells in the world. The oil formed after the source material was buried to a sufficient depth to raise the temperature to 60-175 C for an extended period of time. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. The problem I see is that rocks found below about 7 km of sediment tend to be low quality, temperature and pressure increase to the outer limits, and this hurts the economic returns to such an extent that looking for that deep oil can be a dicey business. And Im not even factoring in the compaction of the sediments as they pile up. Whether the glass is transparent to IR or not is irrelevant. Unfortunately, not all news sources on the internet are familiar with it, so if you Google the worlds deepest oil field, the top results will tell you its either the O-14 or one of its Chayvo predecessors. I can sort of understand the use of abiotic. But, dinosaurs implies that there isnt even a starting point for communication. However, if hydrocarbons (both gas and liquid) tend to percolate/migrate upward against gravity, as others have mentioned, one wonders what mechanism/geology is so effective at preventing gas diffusion for as long as 400 million years? The jars, essentially and universally used in fishing with cable tools, consist off two heavy forged-steel links, interlocking as the links of a cable chain, but fitting together more snugly, he added. Rotten dinosaurs, honest! The cost to drill a well is also much higher in real terms. The Washita County marker notes: The Deep Anadarko Basin of Western Oklahoma is one of the most prolific gas provinces of North America. Youve gotta wonder how high they were when they made that graphic. After my first Physical Geology class in September 1976, I realized that I knew even less than I thought I did . Although, it remained the deepest hole on the planet for five years. The Bakken formation lies between 4500 ft. to 11,000 ft. with the Three Forks formation below it. Luckily, the oil industry does not have such human obstacles, and drilling deep into the Earths crust is instead limited by a different set of circumstances how deep can the machinery and technology go before the unfathomable heat and pressure renders it inoperable? . A shame that the fantastic achievements of this industry are ignored or dismissed by by so many, and of course especially by the [arts-dominated] mainstream media. That was not drilling for oil, though. My company doesnt drill for oil & gas to make energy. Prior to this, the deepest well was the 31,441 feet deep Lone Star Producing Co. 1-27 Bertha Rogers well in Washita County, Oklahoma. Since then, numerous gas wells have been drilled there below the twenty thousand foot range, including the Lone Star Bertha Rogers in Beckham County. Most of the rocks originally below that level have been eroded away, carried downstream by the rivers and deposited in the Gulf. There is only one possible solution to make the paradoxes go away. - YouTube 0:00 / 2:10 The Kola Peninsula. Uplift occurs by any of several mechanisms. In addition to the important bearing that this discovery has on the general geophysical sciences, there is a potential economic impact. Then again, are we not all reminded over and over again how many people there are who have pretty much zero actual scientific knowledge? Dont worry about what they call you. Andrew Breitbart |readmore, the worlds most viewed climate website And thats not all. This also happened in the Western US in the recent geologic past, giving rise to what is called the basin and range province, as the crust broke into large blocks and some of the tilted a certain way. Actually hothouses dont work like Arrhenius thought. Spudded in November 1972 and averaging about 60 feet per day, the Bertha Rogers had been heading for the history books as the world's deepest well at the time. Nearby this inland sea were large mountains that were lifted up and eroded away. Until the 1960s,few companies couldrisk millions of dollars and push rotary rig drilling technology to reach beyondthe 13,000-foot level in what geologists called the deep gas play.. I serve my customers with compassion, integrity, and tenacity. The was an even more of a science experiment drilled south of Sayre towards Magnum & Granite. Ultradeep oil well drilled in Washita County (Oklahoma, USA) in 1973-1974. Merchant of Record: A Media Solutions trading as Oilprice.com. The layered zones made it practical to dill these very deep wells as a field. Not actual cracking. No. While they do not appear to based on directly dating the hydrocarbons, the geological strata referenced and those strata in which hydrocarbons have NOT been found in any significant quantity does, to me, seem to rule out the abiotic oil theory on the following grounds: There is also narrow basins with thick sediments along much of the coasts of the Atlantic. The place on the East coast called the Appalachian mountains has been, over billions of years, the site of numerous cycles of uplift, orogeny, erosion, etc. Copyright 2022 Bruce A. Saint Helens. I dont spend energy to fill my gas tank. Deeper wells have been drilled for natural gas. Memphis, TN 38104 Ah, ok so its more of a slang term in the industry. Increasing Strength and Frequency of Hurricanes? Ten years ago, the latest data from the Energy Information Administration shows, the average depth of U.S. exploration oil wells was almost 7,800 feet. 11-12). I did not sidestep the question. But also keep in mind that the places where oil and gas are recovered are not the source of the material, but simply a place where the right conditions exist to trap a large amount of it as it percolates upwards, and also happens to be a type of rocked that will not only hold it in place, but also be porous enough to allow pumping it out fast to be possible. Its mind-boggling that you seem to think its clever. The Gulf of Mexico has accumulated more than 60,000 of sedimentary column over the last 200 million years. Burn the drillers! Are they against the benefits fuel does for people? The process is sedimentation. Wow! Learn more about UAs notice of web accessibility. Individual users must determine if their use of the Materials falls under United States copyright law's "Fair Use" guidelines and does not infringe on the proprietary rights of the Oklahoma Historical Society as the legal copyright holder of The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and part or in whole. In drilling, its all about pressure and resistance. Any one well has a very limited area of influence. I know where oil does not come from, plants and dinosaurs at 40,000 feet. Other than oil & gas, what do you think occupies the pore space in sedimentary rocks?. Science these days seems to be more and more filled with impressive illustrations and animations which at bottom are not based on real data directly and are heavily influenced by someones opinion about how things work. The Lone Star Producing Company 127 Bertha Rogers hole or well was an oil-exploratory hole drilled in Washita County, Oklahoma in 1974, and was the world's deepest hole[2] until it was surpassed in 1979 by the Kola Superdeep Borehole, dug by the USSR. Copyright to all of these materials is protected under United States and International law. The geothermal gradient is highly variable. Dinosaur carcasses are (rarely) found in marine sedimentary deposits (including shales), presumably after coming down a river or possibly washed out to sea by hurricanes or tsunamis. The North Sakhalin Neogene total petroleum system of eastern Russia. It conducts heat away from the substrata toward the surface. All of these have bottomhole temperatures less than 300 F. Question: This is the first I recall hearing about that pool of molten sulfur at the bottom of a well in Oklahoma. The Bakken shale members were deposited in a shallow marine environment under anoxic conditions. OH NO!!!! In terms of true vertical depth, the Bertha Rogers No 1 natural gas well in the Anadarko Basin used to be the deepest in the world, at over 31,400 feet. Someone pointed out that water plus carbonates at high pressure and temperature only need a simple redox reaction to form compounds of hydrogen and carbon. A trip meant 8 hours around the rotatory table for each crew. The trouble is the ambiguity of Measured Depth, which is really the length of the bore and only vaguely linked to actual depth. The technology for mining the depths at which the solutions occur, however, is not yet available. I recall the interview I saw, in which after he stepped off his platform, he thought he was not falling and was going to die when his oxygen ran out, since he was so high there was no sensation of wind rushing past him. I was just looking at one report of a storm near the Texas Mexico border than reached 75,000. We had a five man crew. Sixty years ago, I worked as a floor hand on daylights when the worlds deepest well hit the bottom at 24,0002 feet in dark gray Hunton shale. The U.S. Labor Department describes an Oil Well Fishing Tool Technician (Occupational Title 930.261-010) as an occupation that analyzes conditions of unserviceable oil or gas wells and directs use of special well-fishing tools and techniques to recover lost equipment and other obstacles from boreholes of wells,, The government description adds that the technician plans fishing methods, selects tools, and directs drilling crew in applying weights to drill pipes, in using special tools, in applying pressure to circulating fluid (mud), and in drilling around lodged obstacles or specified earth formations, using whipstocks and other special tools.. Plateaus at the same altitude. We wouldnt need offshore rigs to reach a lot of that oil and gas. Any trading and execution of orders mentioned on this website is carried out by and through OPCMarkets. When this happens, and part of the plate being uplifted is ocean crust, a situation occurs where ocean floor rocks and sediment get lifted onto land, and often these same collisions cause the plates to crinkle up or get fold and/or compressed, and the result is mountain ranges. As drillers gained experience with deeper wells, patent applications included hundreds of designs for catching some tool or part that had been broken or lost in the borehole. Rosneft states it on its website, in a press release on the completion of O-14, that the total depth of the well, including the vertical and the directional section, is 15 km, of which the non-vertical section extends 14.13 km, or 46,900 feet. Horizontal wells drilled to tap poor quality rocks have to be designed considering the possible use of artificial lift equipment, and this imposes restrictions on the well radius of curvature and other issues. Any place where materials from uphill are deposited becomes a sediment. New ocean crust is always forming at the undersea places called mid-ocean ridges. The Depraved and MOST Deplorable Vlad the Impaler, The Worlds Deepest Oil Well: How Bad Science Spreads on the Internet, Increase in U.S. Wildfires Due to Climate Change, Climate Change Will Increase the Number and Severity of Tornadoes. paper that I referenced above. And would you please compare the areal extent of Mt. http://old.fai.org/news/personalities/35338-judyleden, While not a hot air balloon, Joe Kittinger jumped out of a balloon gondola at 102,800, http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2014/August 2014/Kittinger.aspx, Yeah, but did she do it with no oxygen or even a heavy coat? Bertha Rogers is a poet, teaching artist, and founding director of Bright Hill Press and Literary Center in New York's Catskill Mountain Region. The Earth's crust is broken into many smaller plates that slide very slowly over a more mobile or 'plastic' material called the asthenosphere. Any high school student could make the paradoxes go away. Research genealogy for Bertha Rogers of Broken Hill, NSW, Australia, as well as other members of the Rogers family, on Ancestry. There is a lot of native sulfur in Gulf sediments. Thanks! The worst part of it is, most of them think they have a pretty good idea about stuff they know zero about. As old ocean plates are subducted, sometimes islands, sediments, and anything else sitting on top of them is scraped off and accreted in the area adjacent to the subduction zone. Much information comes from such holes; for example, the bottom of this hole was about 370F (190C). Its not a matter of ruling out abiotic oil. Much higher in real terms can be several times as high as nacreous.... Its more of a storm near the Texas Mexico border than reached 75,000 States and International law sulfur Gulf. County ( Oklahoma, U.S. ) * also the issue of higher temperature deep in the graduate... 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