After the Pathet Lao took over the country in 1975, the conflict continued in isolated pockets. The Lao alphabet, which evolved sometime between the 13th and 14th centuries, was derived from the ancient Khmer script and is very similar to Thai script. )1.03% (2020 est. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. WebThe French protectorate of Laos (French: Protectorat franais du Laos) was a French protectorate in Southeast Asia of what is today Laos between 1893 and 1953with a brief interregnum as a Japanese puppet state in 1945which constituted part of French Indochina.It was established over the Siamese vassal, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang, This includes decreasing the environmental and cultural impact of tourism; increasing awareness in the importance of ethnic groups and biological diversity; providing a source of income to conserve, sustain and manage the Lao protected area network and cultural heritage sites; and emphasizing the need for tourism zoning and management plans for sites that will be developed as ecotourism destinations.[137]. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Many elements of Lao culture predate Buddhism. Now the Lao People's Democratic Republic . eBay Money Back Guarantee. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. WebShop for kingdom of laos wall art from the world's greatest living artists. has been the most successful club with 8 titles, the highest number of championship wins. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. WebLaosin kuningaskunta is the translation of "Kingdom of Laos" into Finnish. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Sample translated sentence: . [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. The proto-historic period is characterised by contact with Chinese and Indian civilisations. The politically and culturally dominant Lao people make up 53.2% of the population, mostly in the lowlands. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? [19] In English, the 's' is pronounced, and not silent. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) Ratio is 2:3. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. [citation needed]. Kingdom of Laos + Add translation Add Kingdom of Laos "Kingdom of Laos" in English - Finnish dictionary. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. [151] )note: the Laos Government officially recognizes 49 ethnic groups, but the total number of ethnic groups is estimated to be well over 200. It is located on Grant Avenue between the path to the JFK memorial and the Tomb of the Unknowns, in Arlington, Virginia, in the United States. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. However, as of 2018, there are approximately 1.9million of Lao's population who could not access an improved water supply and 2.4million people without access to improved sanitation. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. ), household consumption: 63.7% (2017 est. ), Thailand 36%, China 28%, Vietnam 16% (2019), electricity, copper, rubber, gold, flavored water (2019), $6.527 billion (2021 est.) By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. )0.5% (2020 est. French is also used in public works in central and southern Laos and Luang Prabang and is a language of diplomacy and of the elite classes, higher professions and elders. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. )solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. Shop with confidence. Modern-day Laos has its roots in the ancient Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, established in the 14th century under King FA NGUM. "Laos agrees to voluntary repatriation of refugees in Thailand", U.P.I., 5 June 1991. The Government [edit | edit source] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). The Franco-Siamese Treaty of 1907 defined the current Lao border with Thailand. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The Lao Kingdom was formally proclaimed when the new constitution was promulgated in 1947 as part of the French colonial union, and gained full independence in 1953. [59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. )$1.111 billion (31 December 2019 est. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. )beer: 3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. )investment in inventories: 3.1% (2017 est. )exports: 24.114 billion kWh (2019 est. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. [80] Following the Vue Mai incident, debate over the Hmong's planned repatriation to Laos intensified greatly, especially in the United States, where it drew strong opposition from many American conservatives and some human rights advocates. Collectively, they are known as Lao Soung or highland Laotians. )$56.543 billion (2019 est. (approximately $85 million), information is limited and estimates vary; approximately 30,000 active duty troops (26,000 Army; 4,000 Air Force) (2022), the LPAF is armed largely with Soviet-era weapons acquired from the former Soviet Union, Russia, and Vietnam; since 2010, China and Russia have been the leading suppliers of military equipment to Laos (2022), 18 years of age for compulsory or voluntary military service; minimum 18-month service obligation (2022), the LPAFs primary missions are border and internal security, including counterinsurgency and counterterrorismVietnam is the Laotian military's primary security partner, although in recent years, Laos has expanded defense ties with China (2022), Laos-Cambodia: in 2021, the two countries agreed to increase efforts to combat drug trafficking and other transnational crimes and to complete the last 14% of their border demarcation, Laos-Cambodia-Vietnam: Cambodia and Vietnam are concerned about Laos' extensive plans for upstream dam construction and the potential harm it poses to fisheries and farming downstream, Laos-China: concern among Mekong River Commission members that China's construction of eight dams on the Upper Mekong River and construction of more dams on its tributaries will affect water levels, sediment flows, and fisheries, Laos-Thailand: talks continue as of 2018 on completion of demarcation with Thailand but disputes remain over islands in the Mekong River, Laos-Vietnam: Laos and Vietnam completed border demarcation in 2016, Bokeo Province part of the Golden Triangle, a notorious drug production and transit area; remains a poppy cultivator and source of illicit opium and a transit hub for other illicit drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) and chemical precursors; estimate of 4,925 ha of opium poppy cultivated in Laos in 2018, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). ), -1.17 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. [104], In October 1999, 30 young people were arrested for attempting to display posters calling for peaceful economic, political and social change in Laos. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Laos financed the remaining 30% with loans from China. Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. For other uses, see, , "Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity", Independence and Communist rule (1953present), The State respects and protects all lawful activities of Buddhists and of followers of other religions, [and] mobilises and encourages Buddhist monks and novices as well as the priests of other religions to participate in activities that are beneficial to the country and people, Sanda Simms, ch. There are many traditions and rituals associated with rice production in different environments and among many ethnic groups. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). [79], In 1993, Vue Mai, a former Hmong soldier and leader of the largest Hmong refugee camp in Thailand, who had been recruited by the USEmbassy in Bangkok to return to Laos as proof of the repatriation programme's success, disappeared in Vientiane. 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