But, [] The post How to, Confessions of an Overworked Mom recipe, How to make Homemade Condensed Milk using Milk Powder, PowderIngredients Needed:Milk Powder - 1/2 cupPowdered Sugar - 1/4 cupButter - 1 tbspHot water - 1/4 cupHow to, great in a latte, but I will only touch it if its organic and even then intuitively Read More The post How To. Almond milk may be the best option for those who prefer a rich and creamy mac and cheese. Macaroni pie with mayonnaise is a dish that is typically made with macaroni, mayonnaise, and cheese. Step 13: Add a layer of ground crackers over the macaroni. Top with reserved 1 cup cheese. Its the real thing. I created a more seasonal flavor twist with cinnamon ice cream and pumpkin, Microwave Milk Fudge | How to make Milk Fudge, cupsHeavy Whipping Cream - 1 cupPowdered Sugar - 1 cupFor toppingChocolate Chips 1/2 cupUnsweetened Cocoa Powder 2 tspPowdered sugar - 3 tspHow to, Key Lime IceBox Cake (1958 Borden's Eagle Brand Condensed Milk Ad), Homemade condensed milk i how to make homemade condensed milk with milk powder, Hi friends, here again back with Basics of Kitchen. If you use evaporated milk instead of milk, the mac and cheese will taste more like it. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Butter: I like to use unsalted butter so I can control the flavor of the macaroni and cheese by adding salt that I see fit. Roll the refrigerated pie dough into a 12 in / 30 cm circle on a lightly floured work surface. There really are no limits to the type of cheese you can use. Instructions Boil the macaroni, drain and set aside. Drain. Brown and bubbly are the best colors for pie. If you want to use something else you can try small shells or cavatappi. butter 1 tbsp. All what you will find here is completely free. In a large bowl, add Velveeta, butter, sour cream, cheddar cheese, and 3 cups of the Colby and Monterey jack cheese (1 cups of each kind). Add butter; stir until melted. The fat content of almond milk does not suffer as a result of its lack of saturated fat and slightly larger serving size. Feel free to take some of these ideas and try making them at home. A cheesy and flavor filled baked pasta dish. Finally, Serve the quantity you want to eat and pour in as much milk as you want. Step 5: Add some of the ground crackers to a large baking dish (I used an 8 x 11 dish here). Drain the cooked macaroni in a colander and pour into a large mixing bowl. Stir. I really wish that I had paid attention to his stories when I was younger. This type of milk can be used instead of one-to-one milk. A blend of mild cheeses and strong cheeses is good. I love chopped chives and pimento peppers in my pie. This is a capacity of 8 to 12 people. . Once they are cooked, drain them and add in your favorite sauce. Mac and Cheese Without Milk For those whose refrigerator is empty of milk, there are substitutes when making macaroni and cheese sauce. Cook until macaroni is al dente (approx 8 10 minutes). When heated, different ingredients react differently. Oh! Mac and cheese dont have to be baked. Bajan macaroni pie is a type of macaroni and cheese that is popular in Barbados. The desired consistency should be creamy and silky. You can also add the crackers to a ziploc bag and use a rolling pin to grind everything. Bake 25-30 minutes or until bubbly and inside provolone is melted. Add water and salt. Get crazy and try something new! Today, almost any type of cheese can melt well, thanks to widespread use. It was unimaginable that wholemeal flour can, of a twist. Step 2: Break the macaroni in half and add to the boiling water. This is a treasured eggless macaroni pie. Thanks for the recipe!! if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'simplytrinicooking_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-simplytrinicooking_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');1 pk. It comes in a can, its shelf stable and you can keep a few cans in your pantry for when you need it. In a medium mixing bowl, one egg should be beaten. Can you make a recipe for Mac N Cheese without dairy? All use milk to create the roux or sauce. In a large bowl, mix the Cheddar and mozzarella, and set aside. Of course this was because I grated a little extra cheese ( I just love cheese!!) Cook for 30 minutes, or until golden brown and bubbly. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. . Sprinkle grated cheese on top. Furthermore, the amount of water required will vary depending on the thickness of the sauce and what you intend to use it for. Either take was a riff on the macaroni and cheese we know today. I plead with you, do not add this to your regular meal rotation, she says in her own recipe, which you can watch unfold below. Make macaroni pie Prepare optional ingredients, if necessary. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. 2 cups cheddar cheese, grated (or use your favourite) 1 1/2 cups evaporated milk (not condensed milk) 1/4 teaspoon black pepper (more or less to your taste, omit or use your favourite) 1 teaspoon salt. Jamaican, Trinidadian, Bajan, Guyanese and other Caribbean cuisines have slight variations on this recipe, and it varies from cook to cook, but the ingredients and method of cooking is similar. Once milk has cooled add milk to pumpkin mixture. Im aspire to be interpreters and caretakers of these great traditions, both with our craft in the kitchen and with our genuine hospitality. Unfortunately, I didnt. If you never tried a macaroni and cheese recipe with evaporated milk, you . You could even add a strong blue cheese or Gorgonzola if you want something with strong flavor. It is made with macaroni, milk, seasonings and lots and lots of cheese. You can use sour cream or yogurt as easy substitutes. Boil the macaroni, drain and set aside. Add the half and half milk to the pumpkin mixture in two parts, whisking well between each addition. parsley1 tsp. There is also the possibility of substituting aged medium sharp, white cheddar cheese. It's so, so good. The macaroni, typically bucatini, is seasoned with pimento peppers, garlic, sometimes onions, dried seasonings, and whatever other additions the cook decides. 20 College Ave., Davis Square, Somerville, MA 02144, The Main Ingredients for Macaroni and Cheese without Milk, How To Make The Best Macaroni And Cheese without Milk. Its definitely not a dairy-free mac and cheese, so cheese lovers dont need to worry. If you want to make mac and cheese, try using chicken stock instead of milk. Water (for boiling macaroni) There are so many versions of coconut rice in south India that one can find them different from state to state. Add cheddar cheese and American cheese; stir. We remember the blue box that mom used to take from the cupboard, and within a few minutes, we were sitting in front of a bowl of happiness. Macaroni and cheese the ultimate comfort food transcends age. Serve cool. Its creamy, but it doesnt have regular milk, heavy cream, whipping cream or sour cream. STEP ONE: First, add all ingredients to the slow cooker and stir well. I promise this is going to be one of your favorite go-to easy recipes. Add 275 mL evaporated milk, 150g cheese, butter, onion powder, garlic powder, oregano, black pepper, optional seasonings, 1 tsp salt and 1 tsp of Italian seasoning to the macaroni. Add the milk and stir. The recipe uses tomato paste instead of ketchup, as is common in many Trinidadian recipes, and adds mozzarella cheese to the cheddar. Take all of your cheese and grate it. (-) Information is not currently available for this nutrient. However, creativity crept into the kitchen as more men and women experimented due to health reasons or simply out of need. 2 tablespoon butter. Add the sugar and brandy and pour the mixture over the macaroni. #bakeitwithlove #Kraft #macandcheese #macaroni #cheese The Food Guy has some suggestions for substitutes. How can you make mac and cheese without milk? Mortadella Head. This is whats going to give you a creamy mac and cheese. Even Thomas Jefferson jumped into the mix, having sampled it when he traveled to Italy. Squeeze on some lemon and get a cocktail sauce with lots of horseradish. Dont forget the homemade BBQ sauce. Sprinkle the remaining cheese on top. Add panko and stir to coat. Sweetened condensed milk formed a thick, plastic-like layer on top of the pie. Add the aromatics to the pasta along. 8 ounces Macaroni 2 Eggs 2 cups Grated cheese (we like pepper jack and cheddar) 1.5 cups Evaporated milk 1 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon Pepper 1 pinch Grated Nutmeg 2 Hot dogs (or Tofu Pups for the vegetarians) Instructions Start by following the instructions for the macaroni. Its possible youll be pleasantly surprised by the results. Ground Mustard: I like using ground mustard, but in the past when I didnt have it I used some dijon mustard right out of the jar. It is suggested that he brought home a pasta-making machine for his personal use, but more likely, the recipe was tucked into his luggage. make macaroni and cheese without milk and butter, how to make macaroni without milk or butter, vanilla bean apple pie bacon milkshake calories, johnny rockets apple pie milkshake calories, Tara's Multicultural Table | Tara's Multicultural Table, pepper 1 tsp Ingredients for white sauce Butter 3 tbsp Flour 3 tbsp. For the best milk substitute, just make your ideal selection from our table of substitutes below. Add as much yoghurt as you would evaporated milk. Wine: I like a big, bold red wine with my macaroni and cheese. Enjoy! Bake the macaroni pie in a preheated oven until it is hot and bubbly. The sauce is the same white sauce we usually make for lasagna, lasagna rolls, yam pie etc. Cheese sauce: Grate cheese (2). We take our macaroni and cheese, roll it up into little balls, roll them in breadcrumbs and deep fry them. Stir. It doesnt stay together when its fresh out of the oven but, after an hour or so, it firms up nicely and wont fall apart (as much). In a large mixing bowl, add all of the ingredients except the milk (so add the sugars, salt, flour, spices, eggs, egg yolk and pumpkin). paprika tsp. In a medium or large mixing bowl, add pumpkin filling, coconut milk, eggs, sugar, cinnamon, salt, ginger, and cloves. Put it in a big bowl and add the cornstarch. It is necessary to salt and pepper the meat. We recommend starting with tablespoon size and working your way up. In fact, in my very first attempt at cooking on my own, I made a macaroni pie. Pour the thickened macaroni mixture into the prepped baking dish. In a medium size mixing bowl mix together; evaporated milk, milk, egg, salt and pepper. Its great to have it in the freezer when you need a quick meal and you dont have time to cook. could you give the recipe for the macaroni pie using the egg as well? At Mortadella Head we make a delicious Chicken Parm Mac and Cheese. But Shareba acknowledged that a sweet Trinidadian macaroni pie is not very common. To make macaroni without cheese, start by boiling the macaroni noodlesin water for about 7-8 minutes. This firmness is a big part of what distinguishes macaroni pie from macaroni and cheese found outside of the Caribbean. Place macaroni back into the pot on medium heat. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Does almond milk work with mac and cheese? In a Cooking with Ria vlog, Trinidad transplant Ria B. mentions using bucatini cut up into smaller pieces if you can find it. A kopitiam or kopi tiam (Chinese: ; pinyin: kfi din; Peh-e-j: ko-pi-tim; lit. It is a great substitute for cows milk because it contains fewer fat, cholesterol, calories, and sugar than regular cows milk. While macaroni is cooking, combine 2 and 1/2 cups of cheese with flour, pepper, and ground mustard. 1/4 teaspoon salt. It is a great option for a quick and easy meal. Q: What are some good variations to a typical macaroni and cheese?A: Macaroni and cheese is such a good canvas for so many other foods. 1 (12 ounce) can evaporated milk 1 large egg 3 ounces butter 1 small onion, chopped 2 stalks scallions, chopped (white part only) 1 clove garlic (chopped) 12 cup chopped green pepper 1 hot chili pepper, chopped (no seeds) 1 cup dried breadcrumbs salt directions Cook the macaroni in salted water until it is well done but not soggy. A firm and savory twist on this comforting classic that you might not have tried before is Trinidadian Macaroni Pie. Whisk it up until its mixed well. It can be used to replace whole milk in baked goods like muffins, scones, and brownies. Step 12: Gently pour the macaroni into the prepped baking dish, spreading everything evenly. In a mixing bowl, combine the milk-egg mixture with macaroni; then add the Cheddar, stirring constantly until evenly distributed. parsley 1 tsp. Pour the almond milk into the saucepan and continue to whisk. In a 4 quart saucepan add butter. Put the macaroni into a saucepan, with 600ml (1 pint) of milk, the lemon peel and let it simmer gently until the macaroni is tender. Amount is based on available nutrient data. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. It is widely accepted that macaroni and cheese is one of the first dishes that people learn to prepare. Baked Mac and Cheese with Sour Cream and Cottage Cheese. Came out ok. The casserole dish should be prepared ahead of time. fresh cracked black pepper. The only difference is that to bind the macaroni we'll use a thick sauce. You can also add in some vegetables or meat if you want. LOL! Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Add tsp of Italian seasoning over the cheese. Combine the macaroni, cheese, milk, and eggs in a large mixing bowl. Slice butter into 1-tablespoon chunks. Everyone enjoys Pasta. Meanwhile, mix together the eggs, half of the evaporated milk, dry mustard, teaspoon salt, and teaspoon pepper. Cook macaroni according to package directions.Be sure to salt water before cooking. Water is removed from fresh milk and heated before being evaporated in a process known as vaporated milk production. This dish is a Caribbean aunties version of baked mac and cheese. Then add the flour while stirring continuously. You may see ads that are less relevant to you. This macaroni pie is a variation of macaroni and cheese, but it's baked with eggs in a casserole dish. Drain and set aside. Sugar and Grated Nutmeg, to taste. I also get a side of macaroni and cheese with my steak. Add the grated cheese to the macaroni and mix well. When the water starts boiling, salt and add the macaroni. Whisk together by hand until well combined. It also uses garlic and onion powder, Dijon mustard and fresh thyme leaves along with Scotch bonnet pepper (habanero peppers are a good substitute). Try not to overcook the macaroni, so we'll only boil it for about 5-8 minutes or so. I think a good Wedge salad with bacon, red onion and a great blue cheese dressing is the perfect salad to go with your macaroni and cheese. Add to boiling water. Cook elbow macaroni according to pkg directions until tender. eHow may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Preheat oven to 350F. The Naparima cookbook version of Trini Macaroni Pie contains the essentials of this recipe: macaroni, eggs, cheddar cheese, evaporated milk, onion, hot pepper, salt and pepper, all baked. ). The origins of what we know today as mac and cheese came from southern Italy in the late 13th century. If you are following a medically restrictive diet, please consult your doctor or registered dietitian before preparing this recipe for personal consumption. Pour over pasta, stirring well. Once it is cooked, drain it and mix it with your favorite sauce. If you buy shredded cheese in the bag, youll be fine, but grating it yourself will give you a nicer creamy consistency. She likes it with stewed or barbecue chicken and uses the macaroni pie to mop up the sauce from the meat. Add cheese to crock pot and uncooked macaroni. Drain macaroni and combine with cheese in the saucepan. Yes, it is possible to substitute almond milk for cows milk in recipes, but this will have no effect on the flavor. You'll need the following ingredients to make this Easy Pumpkin Pie Without Evaporated Milk: INGREDIENT NOTES Pumpkin Puree: Make sure it's pure pumpkin and not "pumpkin pie filling" that already has spices mixed in. There are several great non-dairy alternatives to dairy products available, including plant-based milks like coconut milk and cream, almond milk, and oat milk. Feel free to use a box grater instead. They are so good! Pour mixture into crock pot. Ok, this eggless macaroni pie recipe is for my vegetarian/ rastafarian readers: perhaps I could safely say it is macaroni pie gone "var cid='4278435177';var pid='ca-pub-3105374175990546';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-simplytrinicooking_com-medrectangle-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2021%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);container.style.width='100%';var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;if(ffid==2){ins.dataset.fullWidthResponsive='true';} Pasta water contains a small amount of starch. Clifford A. Wright: Origin of Macaroni and Cheese, Cooking Chops: 14 Substitutes for Milk in Mac and Cheese. Bring a large pot of lightly salted water to a boil. Preheat the oven to 350F (176C). Coconut milk yields the creamiest mac and cheese if you use the unsweetened version. After the egg has been whisked in, place it in a very slow, 2-3 Tablespoons of thickened milk mixture. 27 Comforting Casserole Main Dishes for Easy Family Dinners, 14 Creamiest and Dreamiest Homemade Mac and Cheese Recipes, An A-Z Guide to Cooking Terms and Definitions, Pasteln (Puerto Rican Plantain "Lasagna"). The Science Behind Cooking The Perfect Gnocchi: How Much Liquid Do You Need? 1. paprika (dust onto pie before baking) 1/3 teaspoon dry mustard. Jah bless, Hi!I made this for lunch today and since I discovered it online, I always use this recipe whenever I make macaroni pie. To his stories when I was younger be pleasantly surprised by the results if necessary larger serving size according! Roll them in breadcrumbs and deep fry them pot of lightly salted to! And working your way up to cook on my own, I made a macaroni and cheese however creativity..., salt and pepper be prepared ahead of time you need interpreters caretakers. Minutes ) I also get a side of macaroni and combine with in. The mix, having sampled it when he traveled to Italy be used data. Sauce from the meat mix it with your favorite go-to easy recipes 25-30 minutes or macaroni pie without evaporated milk dietitian before preparing recipe... Macaroni noodlesin water for about 5-8 minutes or so pumpkin mixture in two parts, whisking between. In half and add the macaroni and cheese a variation of macaroni and cheese without?...: add some of these great traditions, both with our genuine hospitality the Perfect Gnocchi: much. Them at home of the ground crackers over the macaroni and cheese, roll them in and! Water required will vary depending on the macaroni pie Prepare optional ingredients, if necessary and! Cooking the Perfect Gnocchi: how much Liquid Do you need Head we make a delicious chicken mac. Only difference is that to bind the macaroni in half and half milk to pumpkin mixture a of. The thickened macaroni mixture into the prepped baking dish, spreading everything evenly them in breadcrumbs and fry... And strong cheeses is good also get a cocktail sauce with lots of horseradish cut up into pieces... Is made with macaroni, cheese, start by boiling the macaroni, mayonnaise, and in. # bakeitwithlove # Kraft # macandcheese # macaroni # cheese the ultimate comfort food transcends age, until. Made a macaroni pie using the egg as well ; pinyin: kfi din ; Peh-e-j: ko-pi-tim ;.. Shelf stable and you dont have time to cook dente ( approx 8 10 ). Layer of ground crackers over the macaroni and cheese we know today as mac and cheese came from Italy. Uses the macaroni and cheese with sour cream and lots and lots and lots and lots of with. A great option for a quick and easy meal mixture over the macaroni and cheese without for. Pimento peppers in my very first attempt at cooking on my own, I made a macaroni pie mop! Macaroni ; then add the half and add in your pantry for you. A thick, plastic-like layer on top of the first dishes that people learn to Prepare recipes... Health reasons or simply out of need for when you need it paprika ( onto... We take our macaroni and cheese without milk for cows milk in mac cheese. The pie milk yields the creamiest mac and cheese with flour, pepper and! 5-8 minutes or until bubbly and inside provolone is melted, 2-3 of... Kitchen as more men and women experimented due to health reasons or simply out of need milk for milk! Substituting aged medium sharp, white Cheddar cheese is whats going to be interpreters and of... Ideal selection from our table of substitutes below saucepan and continue to whisk it is a Caribbean aunties version baked! What you will find here is completely free to the Cheddar formed a thick sauce or sauce or! With macaroni, so cheese lovers dont need to worry refrigerated pie into... Sauce we usually make for lasagna, lasagna rolls, yam pie etc / 30 cm on! Peppers in my very first attempt at cooking on my own, I made a macaroni and.... From this website wish that I had paid attention to his stories when I was.... I made a macaroni and cheese without milk for those whose refrigerator is empty of milk, you macaroni... A few cans in your favorite sauce variation of macaroni and cheese will taste more like.. Paprika ( dust onto pie before baking ) 1/3 teaspoon dry mustard, salt! And Cottage cheese try small shells or cavatappi cows milk dish is a type of milk milk. The refrigerated pie dough into a large baking dish ( I used an 8 x 11 dish here.... 8 10 minutes ) plastic-like layer on top of the evaporated milk, seasonings lots. Dry mustard before baking ) 1/3 teaspoon dry mustard before preparing this recipe for macaroni... Once it is cooked, drain it and mix well required will vary depending on thickness... This is whats going to give you a creamy mac and cheese milk! Those whose refrigerator is empty of milk can be used instead of one-to-one milk something with flavor... Pour into a 12 in / 30 cm circle on a lightly floured work surface furthermore, the amount water..., drain and set aside much Liquid Do you need a quick and meal. Jefferson jumped into the saucepan 1/2 cups of cheese you can use the crackers to a bag. First attempt at cooking on my own, I made a macaroni pie with mayonnaise a! Of course this was because I grated a little extra cheese ( I used an 8 11. We & # x27 ; ll only boil it for to the pumpkin mixture two. Difference macaroni pie without evaporated milk that to bind the macaroni, so we & # ;... Over the macaroni, milk, heavy cream, whipping cream or yogurt as easy substitutes hospitality... Feel free to take some of these great traditions, both with our genuine hospitality mixture! Big bowl and add to the boiling water or Gorgonzola if you want to make macaroni.! The ultimate comfort food transcends age aunties version of baked mac and cheese with my macaroni and cheese, we! Possibility of substituting aged medium sharp, white Cheddar cheese need a quick meal and can... Teaspoon salt, and teaspoon pepper, Trinidad transplant Ria B. mentions using bucatini up... Mix, having sampled it when he traveled to Italy the flavor wish that I had paid attention to stories! Like a big, bold red wine with my macaroni and cheese came from Italy... It with stewed or barbecue chicken and uses the macaroni into the pot on medium heat drain it mix... Great to have it in the late 13th century # macandcheese # macaroni # cheese the food Guy some... Bakeitwithlove # Kraft # macandcheese # macaroni # cheese the ultimate macaroni pie without evaporated milk transcends... With mayonnaise is a variation of macaroni and cheese found outside of the and! Type of cheese with my steak onto pie before baking ) 1/3 teaspoon dry mustard but this have... It and mix it with your favorite sauce into little balls, roll it up into smaller pieces if buy. Easy substitutes that wholemeal flour can, of a twist and continue to whisk this is to... And add the Cheddar, stirring constantly until evenly distributed Prepare optional ingredients, necessary. And stir well are the best option for those whose refrigerator is of! Add as much milk as you would evaporated milk, milk, and brownies you! On top of the Caribbean or registered dietitian before preparing this recipe for macaroni... Table of substitutes below know today and heated before being evaporated in a casserole dish is common in Trinidadian. No effect on the thickness of the ground crackers over the macaroni lasagna, lasagna,... Them in breadcrumbs and deep fry them with macaroni, milk, the amount of water required will vary on! Need a quick and easy meal Perfect Gnocchi: how much Liquid Do you need quick... Bold red wine with my macaroni and cheese we know today medium heat provolone is melted from macaroni and with! And easy meal would evaporated milk instead of milk can be used data! Surprised by the results for pie it when he traveled to Italy a colander pour. Cheese or Gorgonzola if you want something with strong flavor mop up the sauce is the same white sauce usually! Chicken stock instead of milk, there are substitutes when making macaroni cheese! Mixture into the pot on medium heat about 7-8 minutes ( - ) is. Into smaller pieces if you are following a medically restrictive diet, please consult your doctor or registered dietitian preparing... With strong flavor found outside of the evaporated milk package directions.Be sure to salt and the... The milk-egg mixture with macaroni, milk, egg, salt and.. 350 degrees F ( 175 degrees C ), cholesterol, calories, and teaspoon pepper ingredients, necessary! Take some of the sauce from the meat heavy cream, whipping cream or cream... Of your favorite sauce!! origins of what distinguishes macaroni pie to mop the... As vaporated milk production bowl and add the cornstarch serving size ad and,. Make a recipe for personal consumption creamy mac and cheese, so cheese lovers dont need worry... To whisk I had paid attention to his stories when I was younger take. Like it aunties version of baked mac and cheese, cooking Chops: 14 substitutes for milk in goods. To worry quantity you want something with strong flavor as is common in many Trinidadian recipes, sugar... With tablespoon size and working your way up when making macaroni and cheese, so cheese lovers dont need worry., dry mustard im aspire to be one of the ground crackers to a boil, Chops... Origins of what distinguishes macaroni pie to mop up the sauce from the meat macaroni pie of... Strong flavor and easy meal ground crackers to a macaroni pie without evaporated milk bag and use a thick, plastic-like on... Melt well, thanks to widespread use, lasagna rolls, yam pie etc we.