[233], Common mammals found throughout Tennessee include white-tailed deer, red and gray foxes, coyotes, raccoons, opossums, wild turkeys, rabbits, and squirrels. [257][258] In 2019, about 5.5% of Tennessee's population was foreign-born. Roman Catholics make up 6%, Mormons 1%, and Orthodox Christians less than 1%. Constitution. [178] Tennessee is trisected by the Tennessee River, and its geographical center is in Murfreesboro. WebTennessee Back to Help Center BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee General Inquiries 1-423-535-5600 BlueCross BlueShield of Tennessee 1 Cameron Hill Circle Chattanooga, TN 37402 www.bcbst.com Customer Service 1-423-535-5707 1-800-572-1003 Weekdays from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern time Precertification 1-800-228-2096 It is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. [142] Scopes was prosecuted by former Secretary of State and presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan and defended by attorney Clarence Darrow. [400] No more than two justices can be from the same Grand Division. WebTennessee Gov. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. [305] Nissan and Mitsubishi Motors have their North American corporate headquarters in Franklin. [198] Most of these ridges are low, but some of the higher ones are commonly called mountains. Additional important products manufactured in Tennessee include fabricated metal products, electrical equipment, consumer electronics and electrical appliances, and nonelectrical machinery. The state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. [448], The state is also home to eight minor league teams. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [19][20][21] The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to Governor James Glen of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. [382][200] I-40's branch interstates include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-840 around Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Maryville; and I-640 in Knoxville. [398] The Speaker of the Senate also serves as the lieutenant governor, a practice found only in one other state, and the House Speaker is third in line for the governorship. [461] Tennessee's only graded stakes horserace, the Iroquois Steeplechase, is held in Nashville each May. The current delegation consists of eight Republicans and one Democrat. [121] In 1870, Southern Democrats regained control of the state legislature,[122] and over the next two decades, passed Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation. These mountains, which average 5,000 feet (1,500m) above sea level in Tennessee, contain some of the highest elevations in eastern North America. [254] Tennessee's center of population is in Murfreesboro in Rutherford County. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [70] The 13-member territorial House of Representatives first convened in Knoxville on February 24, 1794, to select ten members for the legislature's upper house, the council. Tennessee has 33.9 days annually when the high temperature is over 90, which is hotter than most states in the U.S. [379] These include the Mississippi, Tennessee, and Cumberland rivers. [44][45] Hostilities erupted between the British and the Cherokees into an armed conflict, and a siege of the fort ended with its surrender in 1760. [13] A slave state until the American Civil War, Tennessee was politically divided, with its western and middle parts supporting the Confederacy and the eastern region harboring pro-Union sentiment. Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [365], In 2014, the Tennessee General Assembly created the Tennessee Promise, which allows in-state high school graduates to enroll in two-year post-secondary education programs such as associate degrees and certificates at community colleges and trade schools in Tennessee tuition-free, funded by the state lottery, if they meet certain requirements. [119], The years after the Civil War were characterized by tension and unrest between blacks and former Confederates, the worst of which occurred in Memphis in 1866. [333][334][335] Its top tourist attraction is the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited national park in the U.S., with more than 14 million visitors annually. [196] The Appalachian Trail roughly follows the North Carolina state line before shifting westward into Tennessee. [39] By the late 17th century, French traders began to explore the Cumberland River valley, and in 1714, under Charles Charleville's command, established French Lick, a fur trading settlement at the present location of Nashville near the Cumberland River. [65] North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory on May 26 of that year. Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017 (NST-EST2017-04)", "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000", "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data, Tennessee", "Welcome to the Volunteer State! [432] The Republican Southern strategy did not have as much of an effect in Tennessee as in most Southern states, but the elections of Winfield Dunn as governor and Bill Brock to the U.S. Senate in 1970 further helped make the GOP competitive among Whites in statewide elections. Tennessee has the third-highest number of amphibian species, with the Great Smoky Mountains home to the most salamander species in the world. [185][186] Other regions include the southern tip of the Cumberland Mountains, the Western Tennessee Valley, and the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Chattanooga became one of the first industrial cities in the south in the decades after the Civil War, when many factories, including iron foundries, steel mills, and textile mills were constructed there. [429] For most of the second half of the 20th century, Tennessee was a swing state in presidential elections. [322], Tennessee has very little petroleum and natural gas reserves, but is home to one oil refinery, in Memphis. [404], Tennessee maintains four dedicated law enforcement agencies: the Tennessee Highway Patrol (THP), the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA), the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI), and the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC). [b] Recent research suggests that the Cherokees adapted the name from the Yuchi word Tana-tsee-dgee, meaning "brother-waters-place" or "where-the-waters-meet". Hodges. [208] This results in karst that forms numerous caves, sinkholes, depressions, and underground streams. It owns 79 acres (32ha) in Henning, which the tribe placed into federal trust in 2012. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13cm) in West Tennessee to over 80 inches (200cm) in East Tennessee's highest mountains. During the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from a predominantly agrarian society to a more diversified economy. A small plane crashed Tuesday while approaching a Texas airport, killing four members of a Tennessee church and leaving the lead pastor injured, authorities and the church said. [127] Memphis became known as the "Cotton Capital of the World" during the late 19th century, and Nashville, Knoxville, and several smaller cities saw modest industrialization. [153] After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became an institution for scientific and technological research. [46] After the French and Indian War, Britain issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which forbade settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains in an effort to mitigate conflicts with the Natives. [84] The Cherokee moved their capital from Georgia to the Red Clay Council Grounds in southeastern Tennessee in 1832, due to new laws forcing them from their previous capital at New Echota. [230] The Southern Appalachian sprucefir forest in the highest elevations of the Blue Ridge Mountains is considered the second-most endangered ecosystem in the country. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [214][215], Tennessee is drained by three major rivers, the Tennessee, Cumberland, and Mississippi. Wells, Nikki Giovanni, Shelby Foote, Ann Patchett, Ishmael Reed, and Randall Jarrell. WebFind information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. Several suburban areas of Nashville and Memphis also contain significant Democratic minorities. [422] The second has been held continuously by Republicans or their antecedents since 1855. [42], In the 1750s and 1760s, longhunters from Virginia explored much of East and Middle Tennessee. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. Rapid civilizational development occurred during the Mississippian period, when Indigenous peoples developed organized chiefdoms and constructed numerous ceremonial structures throughout the state. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [37][38] That same year, a French expedition led by missionary Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi River and became the first Europeans to map the Mississippi Valley. It is the 16th smallest state in land area. [179] The Tennessee River forms most of the division between Middle and West Tennessee. [236] The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in Tennessee's climate, with winds from the south responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. [344], A culturally diverse state, Tennessee blends Appalachian and Southern flavors, which originate from its English, Scotch-Irish, and African roots, and has evolved as it has grown. ", "Archaeology & the Native Peoples of Tennessee", McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture, "Treaties and Land Cessions Involving the Cherokee Nation", "Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee", "Chronology of Emancipation during the Civil War", "This Honorable Body: African American Legislators in 19th Century Tennessee", "The Constitution of the United States Of America Analysis And Interpretation Centennial Edition Interim Edition: Analysis Of Cases Decided By The Supreme Court Of The United States To June 26, 2013s", "Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866", "Yellow fever epidemic changes course of Memphis history in 'Fever Season', "Sergeant York, War Hero, Dies; Killed 25 Germans and Captured 132 in Argonne Battle", "Tennessee Valley Authority created, May 18, 1933", The TVA Transmission System: Facts, Figures and Trends, "The TVA and the Relocation of Mattie Randolph", "Forced Relocations Presented More of an Ordeal than an Opportunity for Norris Reservoir Families", "Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "Time Looks Back: The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr", "The last sermon, Memphis, April 3, 1968", "100 Years: Tennessee's Interstate System", "Overton Park's Citizens and Their Successful Battle Against the Highway", "The world came to Knoxville in May 1982", "Sweet Lips and Rest of Tennessee Blow a Kiss", "Shooting the Rapids: How a Small East Tennessee Community Struck Olympic Gold", "States across U.S. still cling to outdated gay marriage bans", "A Lawyer, 40 Dead Americans, and a Billion Gallons of Coal Sludge", "Coal's other dark side: Toxic ash that can poison water, destroy life and toxify people", "TVA to auction 62 parcels in Kingston after ash spill cleanup completed", "Nine things about Tennessee geography that may surprise you", "From Alabama to Wyoming, this is how each state got its shape", "Pieces of the Past: Supreme Court looked at controversy over Bristol border location", "How Georgia got its northern boundary and why we can't get water from the Tennessee River", "Are you prepared for an earthquake? WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [318] Tennessee is home to the two newest civilian nuclear power reactors in the U.S., at the Watts Bar Nuclear Plant in Rhea County. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. Capital punishment is legal in Tennessee and has existed at various times since statehood. [133] A full-scale replica of the Parthenon in Athens was designed by architect William Crawford Smith and constructed for the celebration, owing to the city's reputation as the "Athens of the South. WebTennessee State Government - TN.gov The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Request Your Free 2022 TN Vacation Guide Find a COVID-19 Vaccine Appointment Hub for Learning and Teaching Fiscal Year 2022-23 Budget The Tennessee Conservationist Holiday Offer Save on Conservationist Magazine Subscriptions! [40][41] In 1739, the French constructed Fort Assumption under Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville on the Mississippi River at the present location of Memphis, which they used as a base against the Chickasaw during the 1739 Campaign of the Chickasaw Wars. [23] The names of the cultural groups who inhabited the area before European contact are unknown, but archaeologists have named several distinct cultural phases, including the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC1000 AD), and Mississippian (10001600 AD) periods. [113], When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was largely held by Union forces and thus not among the states enumerated, so it freed no slaves there. [93] In 1860, slaves composed about 25% of Tennessee's population, the lowest share among the states that joined the Confederacy. [402] Under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints justices on all three courts to eight-year terms; they must be retained by the voters during the first general election after appointment and at the end of their term. [145], When the Great Depression struck in 1929, much of Tennessee was severely impoverished even by national standards. [355] The Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly, is also based in Nashville. [70] The full legislature convened on August 25, 1794. [328] Iron ore was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century. ", "Appalachian Music: Examining Popular Assumptions", "Governor Appointed State School Board Members Process Requirements - Statutes, Rules and Regulations", "TDOE Releases 2020-21 Graduation Rate Data", "Education funding in TN reaches breaking point as BEP lawsuit advances", "Haslam marks University of Memphis independence from Board of Regents", "5 things to know about the Tennessee Promise Scholarship", "Tennessee Promise inspires national trend", "HBCU Schools in Tennessee - 2018 Ranking", "Gannett has now bought all but one of Tennessee's major newspapers", "Television Stations By State - Tennessee", "Report Card for Tennessee's Infrastructure", "TDOT chief says Nashville transit plan overlooked region, highways aren't at full capacity", "3 Reasons HOV Lanes Are Effective in Washington (and Can Work in Tennessee Too)", "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2015", "Memphis International Airport, aided by FedEx, named world's busiest cargo airport in 2020", "Amtrak proposes new routes, trains for Tennessee", "Music City Star upgrades closer for Wilson and East Davidson county train service", Economic Impact of Tennessee's Inland Waterways, "New Master Plan Charts Course For Port Of Memphis For Coming Decades", "Tennessee Says It Will Bring Back the Electric Chair", "Tennessee reinstates electric chair as death penalty option", "U.S. District Courts for the Districts of Tennessee", "Vision of Trust Management Model, Responsibility and Reform", "Presidential General Election Results Comparison Tennessee", "Chicago tribune. To pay off debts and alleviate overcrowded prisons, the state turned to convict leasing, providing prisoners to mining companies as strikebreakers, which was protested by miners forced to compete with the system. The Nashville Sounds, which began play in 1978,[449] and Memphis Redbirds, which began in 1998,[450] each compete in the International League at the Triple-A level, the highest before Major League Baseball. [459] Nashville is also home to the Belmont Bruins, members of the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) but moving to the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) in July 2022; Tennessee State Tigers, OVC members with no plans to change conferences; and the Lipscomb Bisons, members of the ASUN Conference. [321] Bituminous coal is mined in small quantities in the Cumberland Plateau and Cumberland Mountains. [249] Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city and Nashville's largest suburb, with more than 150,000 residents. [52] The next year, after an unsuccessful petition to Virginia, North Carolina agreed to annex the Washington District to provide protection from Native American attacks. [459] Through the 202122 school year, the OVC also includes the Austin Peay Governors from Clarksville, the UT Martin Skyhawks from Martin, and the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles from Cookeville. After lawsuits by environmental groups, the debate was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court case Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill in 1978, leading to amendments of the Endangered Species Act. Get It Now Start Planning Tap Add to Trip on anything you like. [363] The Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR), also known as The College System of Tennessee, operates 13 community colleges and 27 campuses of the Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology (TCAT). WebPaleo-Indians are believed to have hunted and camped in what is now Tennessee as early as 12,000 years ago. [64] Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties, now numbering eight, rejoined North Carolina by 1788. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [216] The Cumberland River basin covers the northern half of Middle Tennessee and a small portion of East Tennessee. [323] There are sizable reserves of lignite coal in West Tennessee that remain untapped. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [401] Both the Court of Appeals and the Court of Criminal Appeals have 12 judges, who are evenly from each Grand Division. An estimated 2124% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. [244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. The highest average monthly precipitation usually occurs between December and April. I-24 is an eastwest interstate that enters the state in Clarksville, passes through Nashville, and terminates in Chattanooga. [80] The state's nickname was solidified during the MexicanAmerican War when President James K. Polk of Tennessee issued a call for 2,800 soldiers from the state, and more than 30,000 volunteered. [251] Knoxville, with about 190,000 inhabitants, and Chattanooga, with about 180,000 residents, are the third- and fourth-largest cities, respectively. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to [295] Tennessee farmers are also known worldwide for their cultivation of tomatoes and horticultural plants. The next year, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained until 1826. [362], Public higher education is overseen by the Tennessee Higher Education Commission (THEC), which provides guidance to the state's two public university systems. [191] Tennessee is considered seismically active and contains two major seismic zones, although destructive earthquakes rarely occur there. [24] The Archaic peoples first domesticated dogs, and plants such as squash, corn, gourds, and sunflowers were first grown in Tennessee during the Woodland period. [296][297] Other important cash crops in the state include hay, wheat, eggs, and snap beans. [12] Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later the Southwest Territory, before its admission to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. The state is twice bisected by the Tennessee River, and the Mississippi River forms its western border. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [376] Tennessee is currently one of five states with no transportation-related debts. Most of West Tennessee is in the Lower Mississippi River watershed. [416] Tennessee is one of thirteen states which holds its presidential primaries on Super Tuesday. I-155 is a branch route of I-55 that serves the northwestern part of the state. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. [380], Interstate 40 (I-40) is the longest Interstate Highway in Tennessee, traversing the state for 455 miles (732km). Tennessee, constituent state of the United States of America. [340] Tennessee is home to eight National Scenic Byways, including the Natchez Trace Parkway, the East Tennessee Crossing Byway, the Great River Road, the Norris Freeway, Cumberland National Scenic Byway, Sequatchie Valley Scenic Byway, The Trace, and the Cherohala Skyway. [377][378], Tennessee has 96,167 miles (154,766km) of roads, of which 14,109 miles (22,706km) are maintained by the state. Tennessee Governor Bill Lee's second term inauguration is set for Jan. 21, 2023. It is bordered by eight states, with Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the west, and Missouri to [400] It has a chief justice and four associate justices. A local activist group spent many years contesting the project, and in 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court sided with the group and established the framework for judicial review of government agencies in the landmark case of Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. [157] King had traveled there to support striking African American sanitation workers. ", States of the Union: Ranking America's Biodiversity, "World Map of KppenGeiger Climate Classification", "Nashville Weather Records (1871-Present)", "Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Southeastern United States", "Mean Annual Average Number of Tornadoes 19532004", "National and Local Weather Forecast, Hurricane, Radar and Report", "City and Town Population Totals: 2010-2019", "Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas Population Totals and Components of Change: 20102019", "Tri-Cities seek new name to embrace a whole region", "Historical Population Change Data (19102020)", "Table 4. [279] In 2020, the state's per capita personal income was $30,869. Tennessee has a total of 976 miles (1,571km) of navigable waterways, the 11th highest in the nation. [319] Tennessee was also an early leader in hydroelectric power,[320] and today is the third-largest hydroelectric power-producing state east of the Rocky Mountains. 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