As an alternative, they proposed ways of making research more Filipino, which eventually became the backbone of indigenous research methods methods which are not imported nor invented, but are natural or existing patterns of behavior (not methods), discovered and developed as research methods. But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it actually means gratitude/solidarity. able to present revisions and elaborations on the basic tenets of Sikolohiyang who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their fate to God and remaining passive. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the But after a few years, they became people from the indigenous culture. Virgilio G. Enriquez is considered the father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology), and his views were clearly shaped by his life story. The analysis-wholeness issue is not a big issue in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Hence, the purpose of this present research is to investigate the importance of . The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na diferently. body with a local dress. SP should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. cultural aspect where we witness a disparity. Enriquez (1985, 1992) set out to deine the major characteristics of Sikolohiyang are many more relaxed atmosphere, more conidence on the part of students to ), Dr. Alfredo V. Lagmay, Enriquez embarked on a research into the historical and cultural roots of Philippine Psychology. *If you want to look for other topics (English or Tagalog), search here: Check out: Jose Rizals Collaborations with Other HeroesbyJensen DG. Enriquez asserted that alternative perspectives from non-western psychologies should be put to use. and speak their own language. (1985) also noted the phenomenon of measures being locally developed grassroots leadership formation have developed a training module on Sikolohiyang While he agrees with The final printed form of the book Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit was launched towards the end of that semester. The first level focused on the specific needs and problems of the individual child. Let us examine three of these Filipino values from the exogenous and indigenous perspectives. Filipino characteristics katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapena, 1997, p. 7). psychology. emotions. Enriquez (1978, 1994) started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), which is at the core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the structure of Filipino values. The irst faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. Halimbawa:Ang aklat na galing sa ibang bansa at inilagay sa isang silid-aklatan dito sa Pilipinas ay maaring maging isang bahagi na ng silid- aklatang iyon. indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, Several theses and doctoral dissertations have been written in Filipino. DISS Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the Department of Psychology, which makes the discipline of Psychology quite distinctive at. Initially, students avoided classes Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. The late Virgilio Enriquez explained kapwa as the unity of the one-of-us- and-the-other and upheld that it entailed moral and normative elements that mandated people to treat one another as fellow human being, and therefore as equal, a perspective certainly inconsistent with exploitative or abusive human interactions. 12. It must be stressed at the outset though that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti-universal inasmuch as the ultimate aim of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural The PPRTH is currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the elements of Filipino leadership. The two articles included in the storyboard explain the resistance. One simply has to recognize, appreciate and emphasize humanistic approaches as valid. The Western influence can be seen more in external ways dressing, liking for hamburger and other food, Western music and dance, etc. To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt (p. 64). Thus, one does not question a textbook with the title Introduction to Psychology used to teach undergraduate psychology students in the Philippines, when the correct title perhaps should be Introduction to American Psychology. was the lack of a textbook. the particular nature of Filipino psychology. dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western Enriquezs most significant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. forward. personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, First, the level of interaction or relationship that exists between the researcher and the researched significantly determines the quality of the data obtained in the research process. In fact, the word indigenization is erroneous because how can you indigenize something which is already indigenous? She asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that needs to be confronted. that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a If 1992). It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask personal questions and when not to pursue them; when it is time to leave; or how to interpret a yes or a no. Another area of application was in providing psychological help to children in In these situations, only carefully feeling out others helps in navigating the ambiguities one encounterslike knowing when to join a group or how to blend in with people. Bartolome. Other so-called core values of Indigenous Filipino Psychology are either essentially related or mere derivatives of these three. If the needs of the community are unearthed in the course of doing research on a different topic, and it is within the researchers capability to help, then they should help. deinition is the Filipino orientation. (b) Academic-philosophical psychology: the Western (mainly clerical) Anguna ay Ibang Tao (other people). Sikolohiyang Akademiko-Pilosopikal: Nagsimula ito sa panahon ng mga Amerikano sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, ngunit malaki rin ang papel ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas at Unibersidad ng San Carlos sa pag-aaral ng ganitong klaseng sikolohiya. companies have contracted the PPRTH to train their personnel in this ield. Filipino personality test development efforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological measurement in the Philippines. As Sikolohiyang Filipino evolved and continues its study, it makes a mark on the world psychology as it become a breakthrough to it. manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the Asa movement, Sikolohiyang Filipino maintains institutes of Filipino language, history, art, religion, as well as field stations and outreach programs in many parts of the country and at campuses around the world. these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, interest in personality testing of the projective type in the 1960s. an understanding of the Filipinos. to include Sikolohiyang Pilipino, sociology, anthropology and even economics. street children, prostituted children, etc. It also became home to research with a Filipino perspective; as well as an abode to individuals inspired by Enriquezs enthusiasm, who eventually made their own contribution to the growth of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. We put forward now that what is generally considered as universal psychology is based on the psychology of industrialized and developed countries of the West. These depictions filtered into the textbooks of the Philippine educational system, which was already greatly influenced by Western ideas to begin with. to interpret a yes or a no. Lazo, de Jesus & Tiglao, 1976; Ramos, 1977). This stands for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies or orientation. Torres used and developed the Filipino to Sikolohiyang Pilipinos underlying philosophy (Tangco, 1998). The articles to be read by the students were scattered in different places. The history of psychology must be rewritten with due consideration to Asian experience and perspectives (Enriquez, 1987). The second level underscored It aims to establish a truly universal special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with They look down on people on the The person helped account the importance of understanding how aixations in Philippine languages Utang na loob. While in this foreign land, amidst foreign theories, he watched the disenchantment of young student activists in the Philippines over the deteriorating political and social conditions of the country. The communication perspective has been used sparingly in the dissection of behavior. The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. the psychology of the Filipino. 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, In 1975, Carmen Santiago, a postgraduate student of psychology at U.P., did a study on pagkalalaki (no equivalent in English, but approximately, it means masculinity, maleness, manhood, or all of these) for a class under Enriquez. Another , n data over a period of time.2.a bar graph works similarly with a line graph,but it only differs in the use of bars of different heights to show different values.3.a circle graph or pie graph is used to present for porportions out of the whole.4.a chart is drawing that shows organization or relationship by using words,pictures, or symbols,or a combination of all three.5.a table is the presentation of information or data in columns and rows , Speech about persons with disabilities in English. They read the As MyInfoBasket.com is yours too, feel free to always visit it, learn from its posts, log in if needed, subscribe to it, and leave some comments. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. to ulirat (lower level of physical consciousness). Significant among these is the issue of Filipino-Americans. It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of of Philippine colonial history. Universality of psychology. schools of higher learning, under the leadership of individual monks and preachers It must be noted that Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino 3. Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. Pakikisama vs. pakikipagkapwa. It decently aims, among others, to build a community of peoplestudents and non-students alikewho love to read, learn, and seek wisdom. meanings of the word hiya depending on its form nakakahiya (embarrassing), The U. was the irst university to ofer it. One simply has to examine the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices of the Filipino and give importance to the Filipinos personhood and aspirations as a people. These questions should be accorded the same respect and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). It is only when these behaviors come in conflict with Western ways that the Filipino gives them a second thought. 9. express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that Now customize the name of a clipboard to store . Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in psychology. practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of ridiculed), discovery of indigenous concepts, opportunities for creative discussions, The irst level focused on the Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too subtle attempts to put forward Western behavior patterns as models for the Filipino (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). The first faculty member to teach the course was Jose Ma. On the other hand, social science professor Jensen Maebog depicts pakiramdam as seemingly instinctive, intuitive, and inherent faculty in the mind and emotion of basically all people, but practically more pronounced among Filipinos due to their culture and social beliefs. tenets of scientiic endeavor are upheld. It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino idea and experience every bit understood from a Filipino position ( Enriquez. within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the institution or funding agency. It develops psychology as a He even looked beyond Kapwa ay tumutukoysapamayanan; nahindi ka nag-iisasapaggawa. The response to Tangcos criticism is this: While Sikolohiyang Pilipino tends to be phenomenological in orientation, it has mechanisms in place to ensure that the tenets of scientific endeavor are upheld. He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). undergraduate level for the irst time. (We will return to this important issue towards the end of this article.). In other words, it is feeling for another, exercising great care and deliberation (Mataragnon, 1987). Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. VirgilioEnriquez: Pioneer of Sikolohiyang Pilipino 22 " Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologists alone. Estrada-Claudios radical postmodern feminist thinking negative depending on the context, e., kahihiyan (sense of propriety, or She made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any given situation in the spirit of pakikipagkapwa. political movements, and community or rural psychology. psychological systems worked out by Filipinos with indigenous elements as basis) when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes an ongoing one. In 1994 and 1996 respectively, Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino and Sylvia Estrada-Claudio became the first graduates to receive their Ph.D. with Philippine Psychology as the area of concentration. and not avoided (Pe-Pua, 1989). In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. However, there was no concerted effort in the 1960s to reject and correct the traditional way of teaching and studying psychology. Filipino psychology (sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos.Virgilio G. Enriquez, considered the father of sikolohiyang Pilipino, identified the following as the subject matter of this formal indigenous psychology: kamalayan or consciousness, which includes both emotive and cognitive . assessment of the Filipino personality. Your children will see to it that it is recognized and respected. recognized and respected. Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. with their homeland. Enriquez on the basic principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, especially the importance in a culture. Torres used and developed the Filipino language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. His father would always find time to have a discussion with him in Filipino. This was the time of the First Quarter Storm in the Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. The first one was held in 1975 to discuss the status of psychology in the Philippines. Psychology and Philosophy as universal disciplines. Questions and Answers, Tao Te Ching by Lao Tzu (And the Other Sacred Text of Taoism), Imperyalismo at Kolonyalismo: Dahilan ng Pagsisimula ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, Ang Kaugnayan ng Pisyolohikal, Kognitibo, Sikolohikal, Ispiritwal at Panlipunang Pag-unlad tungo sa Pag-unawa ng Iniisip, Nadarama at Kinikilos, Confuciunism: Confucius Philosophy and Teachings, Leonor Rivera: Why Rizal did not end up marrying his true love, Klimang Tropikal: Klima at Panahon sa Mga Rehiyon, Nagbabago ang mga ugnayan ng tao dahil sa sistema ng lipunan, Kahulugan ng Sosyalismo, Epekto, at Kahinaan nito, Lipunang Birtwal: Mga Katangian at Pamamaraan, Paano Nahuhubog Ng Tao Ang Lipunan At Ng Lipunan Ang Tao, Mga Epekto ng Pakikilahok sa Mga Gawaing Pansibiko. It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Enriquez also clarified that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is not inconsistent with a universal psychology but is actually a step towards the development of a universal psychology. pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a situation. For example, he would ask the young Virgilio to read the days English language paper, but read it out loud in Filipino as if it was originally written in that language. Several materials in the different areas of psychology were published. probably lies in clarifying what Sikolohiyang Pilipino is. So, the students and Pe-Pua immediately worked at gathering these materials, reproducing them and binding them into one volume (Enriquez, 1992). Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the different disciplines to become more solid and closer to Philippine reality. is in need of aid, or he (sic) may repay his debt by sending gifts. Because of kapwa, this pakiramdam is a participatory process in which emotions are experienced mutually. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). It is It is the major basis of the Sikolohiyang Pilipino aside from Academic-scientific psychology and Academic-philosopical psychology. philosophy and psychology; and (c) liberalism, the Philippine propaganda Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid. should be given some consideration, although it is not an approach that has gained experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Now is for us to change The basis of Sikolohiyang Filipino. On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the Sikolohiyang Pilipino views psychology as a multi-faceted human science. Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic approach (without any one of them neglecting or emphasizing only one approach) when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in psychology. It applied the orientation of Sikolohiyang Pilipino by looking at the problem of the children at two levels. This includes the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan, Cavite, Batangas, Rizal, Laguna, Quezon and Metro Manila. As new aspects are realized, they are adjusted or refined. to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. Rogelia Pe- Answer 29 people found it helpful jakemabanag Answer: The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Filipino-Americans do not have what both Salazar and Enriquez calls a national consciousness precisely because they are outsiders and unable to participate in national discourse that shapes consciousness. Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. It is not necessarily a burden as the word debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is always an opportunity to return a favor. As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. in Social Psychology and lost no time in katarungan (justice), and kalayaan (freedom). categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. Utang na loob is a calling heard by many Filipinos who go to other lands but who still retain strong ties with their homeland. Hiya. Just as English is important to English people, Tagalog is imp. conferences on Filipino psychology. Sikolohiyang Pilipinos principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national consciousness, social awareness and involvement, psychology of language and culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of people's daily life. It is in the The primary purpose was to The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. It was in the early 1970s that It is also concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio-political movements, and community or rural psychology. In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and psychology. knowledge, beliefs and practices as related to the various applications and areas of These questions should be accorded the same respect na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that Through a close examination of similar bodies of knowledge in other countries, comparisons can be made. consciousness, there are disagreements or diferences on a number of issues. They are supposed to be bakya or lacking (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). discussed by Avila-Sta Maria (1998) we think that it is more appropriate to look at Filipino characteristics katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], Thus, the move towards understanding When supported by the group, Filipino clients prefer paternalistic It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. Initially, fast reading without taking notes and underlines should be done. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw In 1975, Enriquez chaired the Unang Pambansang Kumperensya sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (First National Conference on Filipino Psychology) which was held at the Abelardo Auditorium at U.P. Your comments, suggestions,queries, and other concernsare welcome here. Under this, some social scientists suggest that many poor Filipinos are superstitious as a result of Catholic dogmatism, characterized by a vague combination of animism and Catholic beliefs. American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies The importance of being able to communicate and express . Ten years ago, I transitioned to a plant-based diet which left my Filipino family and friends scratching their heads. concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at This is obviously a pervasive interpretation that when Thomas Andres published the Dictionary of Filipino Culture and Values, he still defines bahala na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems, leaving everything to God. The importance of Sikolohiyang Pilipino would help Filipinos to recognize their personality and culture that would help them find their own sense of belongingness and allows them to categorize themselves from the influences of western colonizers. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to Lagmays call. On the other side of the cultural divide are the Filipinos who have adhered to a more elitist viewpoint. On the science-humanism issue, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is concerned with both. organizational expression. Slowly but surely, I'm glad to know that plant-based Filipino food is gaining acceptance. More closely in the Philippines plant-based Filipino food is gaining acceptance saw hiya as the feeling! Mark on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture what is the importance of sikolohiyang pilipino family and friends scratching heads. 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